How to Write a Complex Sentence in IELTS Writing Task 2?
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Struggling with sentence structure in IELTS Writing? Learn how to write clear, natural complex sentences that boost your grammar score and meet the Band 7+ criteria. This guide covers everything from clause types to real examples and writing tips!
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Many aspirants taking up the IELTS Exam struggle with writing because they believe that using complicated sentences will instantly guarantee a band 7+. However, what the examiners are really looking for is complex sentences not confusing or wordy ones. So, what are complex sentences, and how can you use them naturally and accurately in your writing?
Let’s break it down.
Why Are Complex Sentences Important in IELTS Writing?
The Band Descriptors for IELTS Writing clearly mention grammatical range and accuracy as one of the four scoring criteria. Here’s what the grammar band scale says:
| Band Score | Grammar Expectations |
|---|---|
| 6 | Mix of simple and complex sentence forms with some errors |
| 7 | Variety of complex structures with occasional errors |
| 8 | Wide range of complex structures with mostly error-free sentences |
| 9 | Full flexibility and accuracy in grammar with a natural range of sentence forms |
So, to score a band 7 or above in IELTS Writing, you must demonstrate your ability to use complex sentences appropriately and accurately.
What Is a Complex Sentence?
A complex sentence is made up of:
- One independent clause (a complete sentence that can stand alone)
- One or more dependent clauses (incomplete sentences that rely on the main clause)
- Formula: Independent Clause + Subordinating Conjunction + Dependent Clause
Example:
I stayed home because it was raining.
(Independent clause = I stayed home; Dependent clause = because it was raining)
Types of Sentence Structures in English
To master complex sentences, it’s important to know the difference between all three sentence structures:
| Sentence Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | One clause only | She reads every night. |
| Compound | Two independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions | He was tired, but he kept working. |
| Complex | One independent + one or more dependent clauses | She didn’t attend the event because she was sick. |
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How To Write Complex Sentences in IELTS Writing?
Here are some methods to form complex sentences naturally and accurately in your IELTS Writing Task 2:
1. Use Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate clauses provide additional information and are introduced using subordinating conjunctions like because, although, since, if, while, when, etc.
Examples:
- Although he was tired, he finished the task.
- I will call you when I reach home.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions:
| Purpose | Conjunctions |
|---|---|
| Cause & Effect | because, since, as |
| Time | when, while, after, before, until |
| Contrast | although, even though, whereas |
| Condition | if, unless, provided that |
2. Use Relative Clauses
Relative clauses start with relative pronouns and add details about a noun.
Relative Pronouns:
- Who – for people
- Which/That – for things
- Where – for places
- When – for time
Examples:
- The man who helped me was very kind.
- This is the book that changed my life.
- We visited the town where our parents met.
Rule Tip:
- Use commas if the relative clause gives extra, non-essential info.
- Don’t use commas if the info is essential to the meaning.
3. Use Conditional Sentences
Conditionals are excellent examples of complex sentence structures.
Examples:
- If I study hard, I will pass the test.
- Unless it rains, we’ll go for a walk.
4. Use “Although,” “Even though,” and “Despite”
These help show contrast and are commonly used in IELTS essays.
Examples:
- Although the process is slow, it is effective.
- Even though he was unwell, he attended the meeting.
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Where To Use Complex Sentences in IELTS Writing?
You can use complex sentences throughout your essay, but they are especially powerful in the following parts:
| Essay Part | Why Use Complex Sentences? | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | To set up background or contrast | Although many people prefer cars, public transport is often more efficient. |
| Topic Sentences | To show relationships between ideas | While technology has improved communication, it has also made people more isolated. |
| Supporting Sentences | To explain causes, conditions, or examples | Many children are overweight because they consume too much fast food. |
| Conclusion | To summarise with reasons or consequences | If governments invest in education, the economy will benefit in the long run. |
Tips To Use Complex Sentences Effectively
- Use them naturally: Don’t force complex structures. Practice until they flow smoothly.
- Avoid run-on sentences: Long sentences aren’t always complex. Keep them grammatically correct.
- Vary your structure: Use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences.
- Check for subject-verb agreement: Especially in relative clauses.
- Proofread: One small grammar error can reduce your score.
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Common Mistakes To Avoid
| Mistake | Example | Correction |
|---|---|---|
| Incorrect conjunction use | Because I was tired. I slept. | I slept because I was tired. |
| Missing subject in dependent clause | Although tired, went home. | Although he was tired, he went home. |
| Overly long, unclear sentences | The man who lives in the house that’s across the road which has a red door came to help. | The man who lives across the road came to help. |
Mastering complex sentences is not about making your writing complicated, it's about showcasing your ability to convey ideas clearly and logically using a variety of structures. With consistent practice, you’ll naturally incorporate complex sentences into your IELTS essays and increase your chances of achieving a IELTS Band Score 7 or higher.
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