Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Aspects of Cohesion

To achieve a Band 7.0, 8.0 or even 9.0 in the IELTS Writing or Speaking sections, mastering advanced grammar for IELTS is not enough, you must also demonstrate a strong command of cohesion. Cohesion refers to how clearly and logically your ideas connect, ensuring your writing flows smoothly and is easy to follow. From linking words and referencing to substitution and paragraph transitions, cohesive devices are essential to achieve high scores in the Coherence and Cohesion criterion.

In this blog, you’ll find a diagnostic test, IELTS Grammar explanations, and practical exercises to help you master the key aspects of cohesion.

What is Cohesion in IELTS?

Cohesion refers to how ideas and sentences are connected logically in a paragraph or essay. It includes the use of linking words, pronoun referencing, synonyms, and logical sequencing.

Cohesion contributes directly to the Coherence and Cohesion band descriptor in the IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2. A lack of cohesion results in disjointed, unclear writing and lower band scores.

Diagnostic Test: Test Your Knowledge of Cohesion

Instructions: Choose the best cohesive device or structure to complete each sentence. Answers follow the exercise.

1. I wanted to go for a walk. _______, it started raining.
   A. Moreover
   B. However
   C. Because

2. The number of tourists increased dramatically in 2024. ________, this was due to relaxed visa rules.
   A. In contrast
   B. Consequently
   C. Specifically

3. The manager was very professional. _______, the assistant was disorganised and rude.
   A. On the other hand
   B. As a result
   C. Furthermore

4. Online learning has become popular. Many students prefer it _______ it is flexible and accessible.
   A. because
   B. despite
   C. although

5. People should reduce plastic use. ______, they can carry reusable bags.
   A. For instance
   B. Nevertheless
   C. On the contrary

Answers:

1. B. However
2. C. Specifically
3. A. On the other hand
4. A. because
5. A. For instance

Grammar Explanation: Aspects of Cohesion

Linking Words and Phrases

Sub-intro: These words connect ideas across sentences and paragraphs to maintain flow and logic.

Types of linking words:

Example:
Band 6: The weather was bad. I went out.
Band 8: The weather was bad. Nevertheless, I went out.

Referencing and Substitution

Sub-intro: Referencing avoids repetition and keeps writing concise and fluent.

Examples of referencing:

Example:
Without referencing: Pollution is increasing. Pollution is harmful.
With referencing: Pollution is increasing. It is harmful.

Synonyms and Paraphrasing

Sub-intro: Using varied IELTS Vocabulary enhances cohesion and avoids redundancy.

Synonyms for common IELTS words:

Example:
Instead of repeating “problem” several times:
“The issue of climate change is urgent. Governments must address this challenge immediately.”

Ellipsis and Substitution

Sub-intro: Omitting repeated elements or substituting them makes the writing tighter.

Example:
Instead of: “Some people like chocolate. Some people don’t like chocolate.”
Use: “Some people like chocolate; others don’t.”

Paragraph Cohesion

Sub-intro: Each paragraph should focus on a single idea, connected with the next logically.

Example of cohesive paragraph start:
“On the other hand, some believe that school uniforms limit students’ creativity.”

Example of cohesive ending:
“This proves that a flexible dress code can improve both comfort and individuality.”

IELTS-style Practice Exercises on Cohesion

Practice is key to mastering cohesion in IELTS writing and IELTS Speaking tasks. These IELTS-style exercises will help reinforce your understanding of linking words, referencing, and paragraph flow.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with appropriate cohesive devices

Online shopping has grown rapidly in the last decade. (1) ________, it has made shopping more convenient for people in remote areas. (2) ________, customers can now compare prices online before purchasing. (3) ________, physical retail stores are seeing a drop in footfall. (4) ________, online businesses are thriving. (5) ________, some still prefer to buy in-store due to the tactile experience.

Sample Answers:

1. Moreover
2. For example
3. As a result
4. Therefore
5. In contrast

Exercise 2: Identify and Correct the Cohesion Error

Sentences:

1. Although the prices were high. We bought the tickets.
2. He likes watching films. And documentaries too.
3. The internet is useful. Because you can access information quickly.

Corrected:

1. Although the prices were high, we bought the tickets.
2. He likes watching films as well as documentaries.
3. The internet is useful because you can access information quickly.

Exercise 3: Combine Sentences Using Cohesive Devices

1. The exam was challenging. Many students failed.
2. Mobile phones are convenient. They can also be distracting.
3. I enjoy working remotely. I miss face-to-face interaction.

Model Answers:

1. The exam was challenging; as a result, many students failed.
2. Mobile phones are convenient. However, they can also be distracting.
3. I enjoy working remotely, but I miss face-to-face interaction.

Tips to Improve Cohesion for IELTS

Here are some tips to improve cohesion for IELTS Writing: 

1. Use a variety of cohesive devices

Repeating “and” or “but” weakens writing. Use a range like in contrast, consequently, moreover.

3. Don’t overuse linking words

Too many cohesive devices can sound unnatural. Use only when necessary for logical flow.

4. Practice paraphrasing

Use synonyms or restructured sentences to avoid repeating the same word.

5. Review band descriptors

In IELTS Writing, “cohesion” is part of the Coherence and Cohesion band. To score 7+, show clear logical connections.

Overall, understanding aspects of cohesion is crucial for mastering advanced grammar for IELTS. Whether you're aiming to improve your IELTS Writing Task 2 essay or Speaking fluency, cohesive language ensures clarity and coherence.

By practicing the diagnostic test, revising grammar structures, and applying these cohesive devices, you’ll be well on your way to achieving a Band 7 or higher! For those aiming for top scores, following the IELTS Exam Preparation Tips for Band Score of 8+ can further enhance your vocabulary and overall test performance.

Also Check: 

• 10 Useful IELTS Speaking Tips to Impress the Examiner
• Linking Words for IELTS Speaking Section
• Top 11 IELTS Vocabulary Books
• Work Vocabulary IELTS
• Idioms for IELTS Speaking
• Advanced Vocabulary for IELTS