The Evolution of Language IELTS Reading Answers

The ‘The Evolution of Language’ is an IELTS Academic Reading passage that has appeared in an IELTS Test. Since questions get repeated in the IELTS exam, these kinds of reading passages are ideal for practice. If you want more practice, try taking a whole IELTS reading practice test.

Since IELTS Reading is considered the second easiest module of the exam after Listening, try to solve and review the ‘The Evolution of Language’ Reading passage and similar passages to ensure that your reading skills are up to the mark.

The Evolution of Language

A Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to allow for developments in our world to be expressed. For example, the technological revolution alone has been responsible for the addition of a plethora of words to our vocabulary: hard drive, software, modem to name just a few. The Japanese writing script katakana, which was originally introduced in the 9th century as a means by which Buddhist monks could correctly interpret Chinese pronunciations, is now most commonly used to embrace foreign words for which there is no original Japanese character; pizza or hamburger for example. Likewise, the western world’s exposure to and familiarity with foreign cultures now means that words such as sushi, nan bread, and kebab, for example, are used by diners regularly.

B However, the expansion of our vocabulary is just one element involved in how and why language evolves. Given the variation of dialects or regional accents present in most language systems, it is clear that an individual’s interpretation of what is correct and commonly used will vary quite dramatically since this perception is based upon a combination of factors including the age, educational level and region of the country a person is from. As we go about our daily lives and interact with others from different backgrounds and experiences, the language we hear is often taken on board and incorporated into how we communicate ourselves. Many phrases with American origins are now commonplace in British English, for example, due to the frequency with which they are heard on television and in the movies.

C Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement. Let’s consider an Americanism commonly used by youngsters in all pans of the English speaking world. Used as an alternative to “Tom said…” it is now commonplace to hear “Tom goes, the pay rise was unacceptable.” or, “Tom was all, the pay rise was unacceptable.”; much to the horror of many traditionalists. However, this modification could also be considered to be adding to and not detracting from our ability to communicate effectively. To illustrate, let’s consider the original phrase “Tom said”; it is used solely to show the listener that we are reporting the words of Tom, while the modern variation, “Tom goes” has the same meaning. However, if the speaker chooses instead to use the latter phrase, “Tom was all”, they are also able to convey the message that Tom had an emotional reaction to the situation they are reporting, therefore a much more effective method of communicating information has been created, some may say. However, should the now commonly used texting abbreviations such as ‘gr8t’ (great) and ‘l8r’ (later) become permanent replacements of the original words, it is likely that even the most liberal amongst us would be horrified.

D Variations on the language are usually more readily accepted into informal language before being absorbed for use in formal writing. Examples of words that we now commonly use, but were once considered incorrect, are ‘pea’ and ‘hopefully’. Let’s take pea; it derived from the word ‘pease’, which is an uncountable noun that has the same form regardless of whether one or more pease were being spoken about. However, this was commonly overlooked and misunderstood, and through error, the singular form of the vegetable became ‘pea’. More recently ‘hopefully’ was considered by many to be an inappropriate alternative to ‘I hope’; at best only accepted in informal use. The word hopefully is now’ fully acceptable in both informal speech and formal writing.

E Some people believe that traditional usages of language are always more superior and refined than modern variations even when the reasons behind the rule were dubious in the first place. For example, it was once seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered grammatically incorrect to do so. To demonstrate, let’s consider the following sentence: ‘The examiner asked me to quietly leave the room’; this was considered incorrect as the word ‘quietly’ splits the infinitive of the verb ‘to leave’. The origins of this rule hail back to the 17th century when scholars believed that the English language should be adapted to follow the rules of Latin; then considered the perfect language. Since splitting infinitives in Latin is impossible, it was decided that splitting infinitives in English, even though possible, was not acceptable. Given those initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of the meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.

F As language evolves, changes in grammar structures that would confuse the actual meaning of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups. Take, for example, the modern version of the word ‘bad’ meaning ‘great’ when used in contemporary slang. Many slang words remain dated in the era in which they are developed, for example, words like ‘to beef, meaning to complain (introduced in the 1920s) are not only dated but may not even be understood in a modern context, while others such as ‘guy’ become absorbed into mainstream language. Who knows what future generations will add to the ever-changing environment of communication?

List of Headings

1 Historical acceptance of change

2 The Generation Gap

iii. Influences on speech

1 Ancient writing in Asia

2 Cultural evolution and its impact on language

3 Slang expected in the future

vii. Questioning logic

viii. The lifespan of vocabulary

Example: Paragraph A; Answer: v

1 Paragraph B

2 Paragraph C

Example: Paragraph D; Answer: i

3 Paragraph E

4 Paragraph F

5 If language were static, it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our own way of life.

6 The language we grow up knowing and that we adopt through new experiences have equal effects on the way we speak.

7 English used in Britain has changed more than American English over recent years.

8 Some older variations of language are more expressive than more modern forms.

9 All modern adaptations of language are suitable for mainstream use.

10 All word usage has changed over time due to misunderstandings of meaning.

Some grammar rules such as avoiding 11 ____________ are deeply entrenched in history and were created by academics who wished to perfect the English language. It is likely, however, since they do not impact on the 12 ______________ of the sentence that such rules are likely to be 13 ______________ in the future. In the same way, many contemporary words in common usage today are likely to become defunct.

A Slang

B Split infinitives

C Grammatically incorrect

D Meaning

E Recognition

F Disregarded

G Misinterpreted

H Confusion

The Evolution of Language IELTS Reading Answers

1 Answer: iii

Question type: Matching Headings

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 3

Answer explanation: The selected line says that “As we go about our daily lives and interact with others from different backgrounds and experiences, the language we hear is often taken on board and incorporated into how we communicate ourselves.” This tells us that the first paragraph discusses the various factors, like the age, educational level and region of the country a person is from, etc. that influence speech of a person. Hence, the answer is iii (Influences on speech).

2 Answer: ii

Question type: Matching Headings

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1

Answer explanation: In the quoted line of Paragraph C, it is said that “Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement.”. This points to the fact that the second paragraph discusses the differences in speech and attitudes of the young and old generations, which reflects the generation gap. Hence, the answer is ii (The Generation Gap).

3 Answer: vii

Question type: Matching Headings

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 6

Answer explanation: In the highlighted line of Paragraph E, it is said that “Given those initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of the meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.” In paragraph E, a rational analysis of traditional and contemporary language usage is demonstrated. It explains how a person attempts to question the purpose of the grammar rules, such as not splitting infinitives and seeks to understand its logic. Hence, the answer is vii (Questioning logic).

4 Answer: viii

Question type: Matching Headings

Answer location: Paragraph F, line 1

Answer explanation: Paragraph F explains that “As language evolves, changes in grammar structures that would confuse the actual meaning of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups.” Paragraph E makes it apparent how language changes and develops. It urges us to consider how frequently meanings might change due to usage by various generation, which could lead to confusion and be readily understood incorrectly by various social groups. Hence, the answer is viii (The lifespan of vocabulary).

5 Answer: Yes

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1 – line 2

Answer explanation: In the introductory lines of Paragraph A, it is said that “Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to allow for developments in our world to be expressed.”. In this way, it is shown that language needs to modify to accommodate foreign influences and change in time. If it remains static/unchanged, then it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our own way of life. Hence, the answer is Yes.

6 Answer: Not Given

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: N.A.

Answer explanation: As there is no reference to whether the language we grow up knowing and that we adopt through new experiences have equal effects on the way we speak or not, the answer is Not Given.

7 Answer: Not Given

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: N.A.

Answer explanation: Since no confirmation is given whether British English has changed more than American English over recent years, the answer is Not Given.

8 Answer: Not Given

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: N.A.

Answer explanation: Although there are examples of how modern language can be more expressive, it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about some older variations of language being more expressive than more modern forms. Hence, the answer is Not Given.

9 Answer: No

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: Paragraph F, line 1

Answer explanation: The given line of Paragraph F says that “As language evolves, changes in grammar structures that would confuse the actual meaning of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups.”. In other words, modern adaptations of language can create confusion or can be misinterpreted and so may not be accepted for mainstream use. Hence, the answer is No.

10 Answer: No

Question type: Yes/No/Not Given

Answer location: Paragraph F, line 4

Answer explanation: The following line of Paragraph F says that “Who knows what future generations will add to the ever-changing environment of communication?”. This clears the fact that, other than misunderstandings of meaning, word usage will continue to change due to the ever-changing environment of communication. Hence, the answer is No.

11 Answer: B

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 2- line 4

Answer explanation: The specified lines of Paragraph E say that “…it was once seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered grammatically incorrect to do so. …The origins of this rule hail back to the 17th century when scholars believed that the English language should be adapted to follow the rules of Latin; then considered the perfect language.” In light of the fact that certain grammar rules such as avoiding splitting infinitives are frowned upon (deeply entrenched) in history and were created by scholars (academics) who wished to perfect the English language, the answer is B (Split infinitives).

12 Answer: D

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 6

Answer explanation: The suggested line of Paragraph F mentions that “Given those initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of the meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form …”. From this reference, we can conclude that splitting infinitives does not compromise the clarity of the meaning of the sentence. Hence, the answer is D (Meaning).

13 Answer: F

Question type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 6

Answer explanation: The referred line of Paragraph F says that “… it could be argued that this grammar rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.”.Based on these references, we can conclude that since splitting infinitives does not compromise the clarity of the meaning of the sentence, it will be abandoned or disregarded in the future. Hence, the answer is F (Disregarded).