Coastal Archaeology of Britain, Activities for Children, Mechanisms of Linguistic Change Reading Answers
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Contents
The IELTS Reading passage, Coastal Archaeology of Britain, along with the other two Academic passages – Activities for Children and Mechanisms of Linguistic Change makes this a complete Reading practice test.
You will have 60 minutes to complete the whole test, which consists of 40 questions in total.
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Check the answer key with explanations of the Coastal Archaeology of Britain and unlock the answers to other passages by signing up.
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Here are the question types in this reading test
Reading Passage 1 ( Coastal Archaeology of Britain):
- T/F/Not Given questions,
- Multiple choice questions
Reading Passage 2 ( Activities for Children):
- Matching information,
- T/F/NG questions,
- Multiple Choice Questions
Reading Passage 3 (Mechanisms of Linguistic Change):
- Summary Completion,
- T/F/NG questions,
- Matching sentence endings
Section 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the Reading Passage below. Find the practice test with the Coastal Archaeology of Britain PDF here.
Coastal Archaeology of Britain
Questions 1-3
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
1 What has caused public interest in coastal archaeology in recent years?
A Golds and jewelleries in the ships that have submerged
B The rising awareness of climate change
C Forests under the sea
D Technological advance in the field of sea research
2 What does the passage say about the evidence of boats?
A We have a good knowledge of how boats were made and what boats were for prehistorically
B Most of the boats discovered were found in harbors
C The use of boats had not been recorded for a thousand years
D The way to build boats has remained unchanged throughout human history
3 What can be discovered from the air?
A Salt mines
B Shellfish
C Ironstones
D Fisheries
Questions 4-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 4-10 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement is true |
| FALSE | if the statement is false |
| NOT GIVEN | if the information is not given in the passage |
4 England lost much of its land after the ice-age due to the rising sea level.
5 The coastline of England has changed periodically.
6 Coastal archaeological evidence may be well-protected by sea water.
7 The design of boats used by pre-modem people was very simple.
8 Similar boats were also discovered in many other European countries
9 There are few documents relating to mineral exploitation.
10 Large passenger boats are causing increasing damage to the seashore.
Questions 11-13
Choose THREE letters J-G Write your answer in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet Which THREE of the following statements are mentioned in the passage?
A Our prehistoric ancestors adjusted to the environmental change caused by the rising sea level by moving to higher lands
B It is difficult to understand how many people lived close to the sea.
C Human settlements in coastal environment were different from those inland.
D Our knowledge of boat evidence is limited.
E The prehistoric boats were built mainly for collecting sand from the river.
F Human development threatens the archaeological remains.
G The reason for the decline of salt industry was the shortage of laborers.
Section 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on the Reading Passage below. Find the practice test with the Activities for Children PDF here.
Activities for Children
Questions 14 -17
The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
14 Health and living condition of children
15 Health organization monitored physical activity
16 Comparison of exercise time between UK and other countries
17 Wrong approach for school activity
Questions 18-21
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement is true |
| FALSE | if the statement is false |
| NOT GIVEN | if the information is not given in the passage |
18 According to American Heart Foundation, cholesterol levels of boys are higher than girls’.
19 British children generally do less exercise than some other European countries.
20 Skipping becomes more and more popular in schools of UK.
21 According to Healthy Kids, the first task is for parents to encourage their children to keep the same healthy body weight.
Questions 22-26
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
22 According to paragraph A, what does Professor Neil Armstrong concern about?
A Spending more time on TV affect academic level
B Parents have less time stay with their children
C Future health of British children
D Increasing speed of property’s development
23 What does Armstrong indicate in Paragraph B?
A We need to take a 10 minute walk everyday
B We should do more activity to exercise heart
C Girls’ situation is better than boys
D Exercise can cure many disease
24 What is aim of First Kids’ trainning?
A Make profit by running several sessions
B Only concentrate on one activity for each child
C To guide parents how to organize activities for children
D Spread the idea that team sport is better
25 What did Lifshitz suggest in the end of this passage?
A Create opportunities to exercise your body
B Taking elevator saves your time
C Kids should spend more than 200 calories each day
D We should never drive but walk
26 What is main idea of this passage?
A health of the children who are overweight is at risk in the future
B Children in UK need proper exercises
C Government mistaken approach for children
D Parents play the most important role in children’s activity
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Section 3
Mechanisms of Linguistic Change
Questions 27-30
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.
The pronunciation of living language undergo changes throughout thousands of years. Large scale regular Changes are usually called
27___________ . There are three reasons for these changes. Firstly, the influence of one language on another; when one person imitates another pronunciation(the most prestige’s), the imitation always partly involving factor of 28______________ . Secondly, the imitation of children from adults1 language sometimes are 29___________ , and may also contribute to this change if there are insignificant deviations tough later they may be corrected Finally, for those random variations in pronunciation, the deeper evidence lies in the 30______________or minimization of effort.
Questions 31-37
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 31-37 on your answer sheet, write
| TRUE | if the statement is true |
| FALSE | if the statement is false |
| NOT GIVEN | if the information is not given in the passage |
31 it is impossible for modern people to find pronunciation of words in an earlier age
32 The great change of language in Russian history is related to the rising status and fortune of middle classes.
33 All the children learn speeches from adults white they assume that certain language is difficult to imitate exactly.
34 Pronunciation with causal inaccuracy will not exert big influence on language changes.
35 The link of can be influenced being pronounced as ‘nf’
36 The [g] in gnat not being pronounced will not be spelt out in the future.
37 The sound of ‘temporary’ cannot wholly present its spelling.
Questions 38-40
Look at the following sentences and the list of statements below. Match each statement with the correct sentence, A-D.
Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet
A Since the speakers can pronounce it with less effort
B Assimilation of a sound under the influence of a neighbouring one
C It is a trend for changes in pronunciation in a large scale in a given period
D Because the speaker can pronounce [n] and [t] both in the same time
38 As a consequence, ‘b’ will be pronounced as
39 The pronunciation of [mt] changed to [nt]
40 The omit of ‘f in the sound of Christmas
Answer Keys
Coastal Archaeology of Britain Reading Answers (Section 1)
1 Answer: B
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, the author states that “in the 1980s and 1990s scientific research into climate change and its environmental impact spilled over into a much broader public debate as awareness of these issues grew; the prospect of rising sea levels over the next century, and their impact on current coastal environments, has been a particular focus for concern.” From this information, we can infer that scientists started to research climate change and awareness. Also, among the people, the topic became highly discussed, and the impact of rising sea levels on coastal environments became a concern. The rising awareness made coastal archaeology a topic of interest.
2 Answer: C
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 3
Answer explanation: The author in the said paragraph puts forward the information that “the prehistoric sewn-plank boats such as those from the Humber estuary and Dover all seem to belong to the second millennium BC; after this, there is a gap in the record of a millennium, which cannot yet be explained, before boats reappear, but built using a very different technology.” Here, according to the author, there was a gap of about a millennium before boats reappeared after the prehistoric sewn plank boats, which were seen in the second millennium. This gap of thousand years is yet to be explained as it was not recorded.
3 Answer: D
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 3
Answer explanation: The said paragraph refers that “elaborate wooden fish weirs, often of considerable extent and responsive to aerial photography in shallow water, have been identified in areas such as Essex and the Severn estuary.” In areas such as Essex and Severn estuary, aerial photography has been used in shallow water areas to help catch fish. Thus, proving that fish can be discovered from air.
4 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. You must note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it is said that “the dominant process affecting the physical form of England in the post- glacial period has been the rise in the altitude of sea level relative to the land, as the glaciers melted and the landmass readjusted.” As glaciers started melting, there was a significant impact on the physical forms in England. A rise in sea level after the post-glacial period led to the readjustment of landmass. A large amount of land was lost under the North Sea and the English Channel. Britain became an island, and the land bridge between England and France was also lost.
5 Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4
Answer explanation: Paragraph C informs that “one factor contributing to this has been that, although the rise in relative sea level is comparatively well documented, we know little about the constant reconfiguration of the coastline.” Since it is given that there is little information available about the constant changes in the coastline of England, we cannot conclude if the change occurred periodically.
6 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the paragraphs confirms or denies that coastal archaeological evidence may be well-protected by seawater.
7 Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims “boatbuilding must have been an extremely important activity around much of our coast, yet we know almost nothing about it, Boats were some of the most complex artefacts produced by pre-modem societies, and further research on their production and use make an important contribution to our understanding of past attitudes to technology and technological change.” Here, it is mentioned that boatbuilding was considered an important activity and boats were some of the most complex artifacts produced by pre-modem societies.
8 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the paragraphs confirm or deny that similar boats were also discovered in many other European countries.
9 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph H, last line
Answer explanation: Few lines in said paragraph discuss that “other industries were also located along the coast, either because the raw materials outcropped there or for ease of working and transport: mineral resources such as sand, gravel, stone, coal, ironstone, and alum were all exploited. These industries are poorly documented, but their mains are sometimes extensive and striking.” As it is given that the documentation of the mineral resources was done poorly by the industries, we can infer that because of the poor documentation process there are a few documents relating to mineral exploitation.
10 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph I, line 4
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “the larger size of ferries has also caused an increase in the damage caused by their wash to fragile deposits in the intertidal zone. The most significant natural threat is the predicted rise in sea level over the next century especially in the south and east of England.” Ferries are boats that carry passengers. And this line confirms that the larger size of ferries (large passenger boats) has caused damage to the seashore.
11 Answer: B (B, D, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph E, last line
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that “we are not yet in a position to make even preliminary estimates of answers to such fundamental questions as the extent to which the sea and the coast affected human life in the past, what percentage of the population at any time lived within reach of the sea, or whether human settlements in coastal environments showed a distinct character from those inland.” Since we are not in a position to ascertain to what percentage of the population at any time lived within reach of the sea it implies that it is difficult to understand how many people lived close to the sea.
12 Answer: D (B, D, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 4
Answer explanation: Paragraph F provides the information that “boatbuilding must have been an extremely important activity around much of our coast, yet we know almost nothing about it, Boats were some of the most complex artefacts produced by pre-modem societies, and further research on their production and use make an important contribution to our understanding of past attitudes to technology and technological change.” Since the author mentions that boat building was considered an important activity in the past and we know almost nothing about, it suggests that our knowledge of boat evidence is limited.
13 Answer: F (B, D, F: in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph G, last line
Answer explanation: In the reference paragraph, the author mentions that “redevelopment of harbor sites and other development and natural pressures along the coast are subject- ing these important locations to unprecedented threats, yet few surveys of such sites have been undertaken.” It implies that these new developments by humans threaten the archaeological remains.
Activities for Children Reading Answers (Section 2)
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14 Answer: A
Question Type: Matching information
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph A suggests that “twenty-five years ago, children in London walked to school and played in parks and playing fields after school and at the weekend. Today they are usually driven to school by parents anxious about safety and spend hours glued to television screens or computer games.” With time the living conditions of people changed and due to which the children are getting more glued to television screens or computer games and engaging less in physical activities resulting in deteriorating health conditions.
15 Answer: B
Question Type: Matching information
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanation: If you observe, in the said paragraph to the fact that “the survey, which monitored 700 11-16-year-olds, found that 48 per cent of girls and 41 per cent of boys already exceeded safe cholesterol levels set for children by the American Heart Foundation.” An American Heart Foundation ( health organisation) monitored the physical activity of around 700 children of age group 11-16 to check their cholesterol level.
16 Answer: C
Question Type: Matching information
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph C informs that “physical education is under pressure in the UK – most schools devote little more than 100 minutes a week to it in curriculum time, which is less than many other European countries.” Here, we can observe a comparison between the UK and European countries being made and brings to our attention the details such as UK schools allot more than 100 minutes a week for exercise which is less when compared to other European countries.
17 Answer: D
Question Type: Matching information
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “although the Government has poured millions into beefing up sport in the community, there is less commitment to it as part of the crammed school curriculum.” The term crammed means studying intensively over a short period of time just before an examination. Hence, we can deduce that schools are trying to teach children by overloading their schedules and narrowing their chance of participating in extra school activities.
18 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that according to the American Heart Foundation, cholesterol levels of boys are higher than girls’.
19 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the passage specifies “the survey shows that the UK ranks 13th out of the 25 countries, with Ireland’s bottom, averaging under an hour a week for PE.” According to the survey, if the UK ranks 13th in position out of 25 European countries, we can state that British children generally do less exercise than some other European countries.
20 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the passages confirms or denies that skipping becomes more and more popular in schools of the UK.
21 Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph G, line 2
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “there’s nothing worse than telling a child what he needs to do and not doing it yourself,” says Elizabeth Ward, R.D., a Boston nutritional consultant and author of Healthy Foods, Healthy Kids. “Set a good example and get your nutritional house in order first.” “ Here, we can observe that Elizabeth Ward, R.D., a Boston nutritional consultant and author of Healthy Foods says that nothing can be worst than parents not following the fitness adivce they give to their children. Hence, Elizabeth Ward does not recommend parents to encourage their children to maintain the healthy body weight.
22 Answer: C
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, last line
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “If children continue to be this inactive, they’ll be storing up big problems for the future.” Professor Neil Armstrong shows concern about the future health of British children by saying that if children don’t engage in physical activities they’ll face challenges in the future.
23 Answer: B
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 4
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “Armstrong adds, “heart is a muscle and need exercise, or it loses its strength.” Here, according to Armstrong heart is a muscle that requires exercise and strength. Thus, we should do more activity to exercise heart.
24 Answer: C
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: Paragraph F suggests that “fit Kids trains parents to run fitness classes for children.” Fitness classes are part of fitness exercise, hence, the aim of fit kids is to guide parents on ways to organize fitness activities for children.
25 Answer: A
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Paragraph G, last line
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “Now, kids in obese families are expending only 200 calories a day in physical activity,” says Lifshitz, “incorporate more movement in your family’s lifepark farther away from the stores at the mall, take stairs instead of the elevator, and walk to nearby friends’ houses instead of driving.” From this given information we can infer that Lifshitz at the end of the paragraph states that incorporating more movement by walking in parks, malls, stores, and taking stairs should be encouraged. These will create opportunities to exercise your body.
26 Answer: B
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions
Answer location: Complete Paragraph
Answer explanation: The main theme of this paragraph is to spread awareness that children in the UK need proper exercise and should be encouraged to participate in physical activities.
Mechanisms of Linguistic Change Reading Answers (Section 3)
27 Answer: sound laws
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 3
Answer explanation: According to paragraph B “such regular changes are often called sound laws.” We study the pronunciation of a language and over a period of time it goes through a series of changes, these changes are called sound laws.
28 Answer: fashion
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph C provides the information that “it is also possible that fashion plays a part in the process of change.” There are considerably three major reasons for the change and fashion is one of the factors that influence language.
29 Answer: imperfect
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 1
Answer explanation: Paragraph D provides the information that “a less specific variant of the argument is that the imitation of children is imperfect: they copy their parents’ speech but never reproduce it exactly.” The other factor that influences the change of language is the imitation of children from adults which is sometimes imperfect.
30 Answer: principle of ease
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that “one such force which is often invoked is the principle of ease, or minimization of effort.” The third factor of the change is random variations in pronunciation which is invoked in the principle of ease or minimization of effort.
31 Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 2
Answer explanation: In the reference paragraph, the author mentions that “we have various sources of evidence for the pronunciations of earlier times, such as the spellings, the treatment of words borrowed from other languages or borrowed by them, the descriptions of contemporary grammarians and spelling-reformers, and the modern pronunciations in all the languages and dialects concerned.” From this line, we can infer that modern people have evidence of earlier age pronunciation.
32 Answer: FALSE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can find out that “some of the changes in accepted English pronunciation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have been shown to consist in the replacement of one style of pronunciation by another style already existing, and it is likely that such substitutions were a result of the great social changes of the period: the increased power and wealth of the middle classes, and their steady infiltration upwards into the ranks of the landed gentry, probably carried elements of middle-class pronunciation into upper-class speech.” From this information, we can deduce that the changes in the middle class affected the English pronunciation, not Russian.
33 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the paragraphs confirms or denies that all the children learn speeches from adults while they assume that certain language is difficult to imitate exactly.
34 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph D, last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims,”this, however, cannot explain changes in pronunciation unless it can be shown that there is some systematic trend in the failures of imitation: if they are merely random deviations they will cancel one another out and there will be no net change in the language.” The term systematic trend in the failures of imitation has been paraphrased to pronunciation with causal inaccuracy. Hence, pronunciation with causal inaccuracy/failure cannot exert a big influence on language changes.
35 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 4
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the passage specifies “for example, the word scant was once skamt, but the /m/ has been changed to /n/ under the influence of the following /t/.” If the word scant was once skamt, then it correct that the word ‘scant’ can be pronounced more easily than ‘skamt’.
36 Answer: NOT GIVEN
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: N/A
Answer explanation: None of the paragraphs confirms or denies that the [g] in gnat not being pronounced will not be spelt out in the future.
37 Answer: TRUE
Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions
Answer location: Paragraph F, last line
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can point out that “sometimes a whole syllable is dropped out when two successive syllables begin with the same consonant (haplology): a recent example is temporary, which in Britain is often pronounced as if it were tempory.” Since it is mentioned that sometimes a whole syllable is dropped out and temporary is often pronounced as if it were tempory, which signifies sound of ‘temporary’ cannot wholly present its spelling.
38 Answer: C
Question Type: Matching sentence endings
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanation: A line in the passage mentions that “for example, over a certain period of time, just about all the long [a:] vowels in a language may change into long [e:] vowels, or all the [b] consonants in a certain position (for example at the end of a word) may change into [p] consonants.” According to this information vowel [b] may change into [p] consonants because it is a trend for changes in pronunciation in a large scale in a given period.
39 Answer: B
Question Type: Matching sentence endings
Answer location: Paragraph E, line
Answer explanation: Paragraph E states that “assimilation is the changing of a sound under the influence of a neighbouring one.” The pronunciation of [mt] changed to [nt] because of the assimilation of a sound under the influence of a neighboring one (m-n).
40 Answer: A
Question Type: Matching sentence endings
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 3
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims “consonant-clusters are often simplified. At one time there was a [t] in words like castle and Christmas, and an initial [k] in words like knight and know.” Here, the author suggests that consonant-clusters words are often simplified by omitting certain words, such as the omission of ‘f in the sound of Christmas since the speakers can pronounce it with less effort.
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2 Comments
jonnathancruz
Posted on Jul 16, 2017
Some important missing/wrong words in text:
33. …from adults WHITE they assume…, Correct: WHILE
35. The link of can be influenced being pronounced as ‘nf’… Correct: The link of ‘mt’ can be influenced being pronounced as ‘nt’
38. As a consequence, ‘b’ will be pronounced as.., Correct: As a consequence, ‘b’ will be pronounced as ‘p’
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Posted on Jul 17, 2017
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