Daily IELTS Reading Practice Test 02 – Cambridge IELTS Reading Practice Test 10
This IELTS Reading Practice Test extracted from the best-selling book series "Cambridge IELTS Practice Tests 10" reflects the actual IELTS reading test.
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In the Academic Reading practice test, “The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism,Autumn Leaves ,Beyond the Blue Horizon” there are various question types, each of which are asked in the IELTS Reading exam. So, the passages given in this reading practice test set will help you enhance your reading and understanding capabilities.
We at IELTSMaterial.com would urge every IELTS aspirant to time this test as in the real exam and find the answers without looking at the key. If you have scored 40/40, then we wish you all the best. If you haven’t, then we would earnestly advise you to take one of our IELTS reading practice tests.
Here are question types in this reading test
Reading Passage 1 ( The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism)
- Matching headings
- True or False / Not Given
- Sentence completion
Reading Passage 2 ( Autumn Leaves)
- Matching information
- Notes completion
- True or False / Not Given
- Multiple Choice Questions
Reading Passage 3 (Beyond the Blue Horizon)
- Summary completion
- Multiple Choice Questions
- Yes/No or Not Given
Cambridge Reading practice test
This Cambridge IELTS Reading Practice Test extracted from the best-selling book series “Cambridge IELTS Practice Tests 10” reflects the actual IELTS Reading test.
You can do this test to estimate what IELTS Band you get without sitting for the real IELTS test. You can also learn a rich variety of new academic words, collocations and useful structures from this Cambridge reading test which can be used for IELTS Writing.
IELTS Reading task time limit:
The actual test duration is 60 minutes for Reading. So set a similar time limit (less than 60 min) and do this test seriously now.
Hope you get a good band score for IELTS Reading Test. You can leave your answer in the comment box to get your score in 1 hour or leave your email to receive PDF/Docx file and the answer key for this test.
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.
Questions 1-4
Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
I |
List of HeadingsEconomic and social significance of tourism |
ii | The development of mass tourism |
iii | Travel for the wealthy |
iv | Earning foreign exchange through tourism |
V | Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism |
vi | The contribution of air travel to tourism |
VII | The world impact of tourism |
VIII | The history of travel |
Example
Paragraph A |
Answer
VIII |
1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism
A
Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.
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B
Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.
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C
Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992),Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions,. In 1992’ the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer the almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion m direct indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.
D
However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers. Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.
E
Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism
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Questions 5-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
5 The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
6 Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.
7 Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
8 Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
9 Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
10 It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.
Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in Boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
11 In Greece, tourism is the most important ……………………………..
12 The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major ……………………………..
13 The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of ……………………………..
Also check :
- True False Not Given IELTS Reading
- IELTS Reading recent actual test
- Tips to Improve IELTS Reading Skills
- IELTS Reading Practice test 2020
- IELTS past paper pdf
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Autumn Leaves
Canadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fall
A
One of the most captivating natural events of the year in many areas throughout North America is the turning of the leaves in the fall. The colours are magnificent, but the question of exactly why some trees turn yellow or orange, and others red or purple, is something which has long puzzled scientists.
B
Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecule that captures sunlight and converts that energy into new building materials for the tree. As fall approaches in the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For many trees – evergreen conifers being an exception – the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis* until the spring. So rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves throughout the winter, the tree saves its precious resources and discards them. But before letting its leaves go, the tree dismantles their chlorophyll molecules and ships their valuable nitrogen back into the twigs. As chlorophyll is depleted, other colours that have been dominated by it throughout the summer begin to be revealed. This unmasking explains the autumn colours of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant reds and purples of trees such as the maple or sumac.
C
The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids. What’s puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them. But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins – why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it’s already scrambling to withdraw and preserve the ones already there?
D
Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leafs tolerance to freezing. However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.
* photosynthesis: the production of new material from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
E
It has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colours to convince herbivorous insects that they are healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defences against infestation. If insects paid attention to such advertisements, they might be prompted to lay their eggs on a duller, and presumably less resistant host. The flaw in this theory lies in the lack of proof to support it. No one has as yet ascertained whether more robust trees sport the brightest leaves, or whether insects make choices according to colour intensity.
F
Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light screen’ hypothesis. It sounds paradoxical, because the idea behind this hypothesis is that the red pigment is made in autumn leaves to protect chlorophyll, the light-absorbing chemical, from too much light. Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s supreme light absorber? Why protect chlorophyll at a time when the tree is breaking it down to salvage as much of it as possible?
G
Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture the energy of sunlight, can sometimes be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall, when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.
H
Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there. One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for intense red colours are dry, sunny days and coo nights, conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.
I
What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as complex.
Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-l. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 14-18 on your Answer Sheet
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 a description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves
15 the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn
16 some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves
17 an explanation of the function of chlorophyll
18 a suggestion that the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signal
Questions 19-22
Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.
Why believe the ‘light screen’ hypothesis?
The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the 19_________________
The 20_________________ surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.
Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are 21_________________ and sunny.
The intensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further 22_________________
Questions 23-25
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
23 It is likely that the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezing temperatures.
24 The ‘light screen’ hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known about chlorophyll.
25 Leaves which turn colours other than red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.
Question 26
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet.
For which of the following questions does the writer offer an explanation?
A why conifers remain green in winter
B how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn
C how herbivorous insects choose which trees to lay their eggs in
D why anthocyanins are restricted to certain trees
Reading Passage 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Beyond the Blue Horizon
Ancient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific Ocean
An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of todays, Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the remains of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita.
They were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives – their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools. Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.
The Lapita left precious few clues about themselves, but Efate expands the volume of data available to researchers dramatically. The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered so far, and archaeologists were also thrilled to find six complete Lapita pots. Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed inside. ‘It’s an important discovery,’ says Matthew Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita.’
DNA teased from these human remains may help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? ‘This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,’ says Spriggs, ‘to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.’
There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.
‘All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,’ says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific, making short crossings to nearby islands. The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side. This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us today. Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, but what gave them the courage to launch out on such risky voyages?
The Lap it as thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. ‘They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would have made the whole thing work.’ Once out there, skilled seafarers would have detected abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pile-up of clouds on the horizon which often indicates an island in the distance.
For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net. Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of inrervisible islands forming a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home.
All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University: the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’ Anderson says. ‘There has been this assumption they did, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.’
Rather than give all the credit to human skill, Anderson invokes the winds of chance. El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusually frequent El Ninos around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these super El Ninos5 might have taken the Lapita on long unplanned voyages.
However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone.
Questions 27 – 31
Completing Summary
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 1-5 on your sheet.
The Efate burial site
A 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned 27……………………….on the Pacific island of Efate.
The cemetery, which is a significant 28………………………. was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.
The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took many things with them on their voyages including 29………………………..and tools.
The burial ground increases the amount of information about the Lapita available to scientists. A team of researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Australian National University, are helping with the excavation of the site. Spriggs believes the 30…………………………..which was found at the site is very important since it confirms that the 31………………………………..found inside are Lapita.
A proof
B plantation
C harbour
D bones
E data
F archaeological discovery
G burial urn
H source
I animals
J maps
Questions 32 – 35
32. According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita accomplished their journeys because
A. the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.
B. archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.
C. little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.
D. technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.
33.According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?
A. They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.
B. Their cultural heritage discouraged the expression of fear.
C. They were able to build canoes that withstood ocean voyages.
D. Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.
34. What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph?
A. the Lapita’s seafaring talent
B. the Lapita s ability to detect signs of land
C. the Lapita’s extensive knowledge of the region
D. the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home
35. According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant?
A. It played an important role in Lapita culture.
B. It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.
C. It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.
D. It made a large number of islands habitable.
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
36 It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.
37 Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.
38 The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.
39 It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.
40 It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.
Answers
Unlock Answers
Reading Passage 1
1 Answer: ii
Question type: Matching Headings
Answer locations: Paragraph B
Answer explanations: The introductory line of Paragraph B illustrates that tourism in the mass form is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. These lines indicate that Paragraph B discusses the development of mass tourism. So, the answer is ii.
2 Answer: i
Question type: Matching Headings
Answer locations: Paragraph C
Answer explanations: The introductory line of Paragraph C illustrates that tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. These lines suggest that Paragraph C elucidates the Economic and social significance of tourism in today’s fast-paced environment. Thus, the answer is i.
3 Answer: v
Question type: Matching Headings
Answer locations: Paragraph D
Answer explanations: We find reference in the introductory line of Paragraph D, which states that the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, obscured, it’s economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. These lines suggest that difficulty in recognizing the economic effects of tourism, i.e, the tourism has economic problems owing to its diverse nature and disintegration of the industry which in turn doesn’t result in related accurate data collection. So, the answer is v.
4 Answer: vii
Question type: Matching Headings
Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 2
Answer explanations: The second line of Paragraph E states that McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and for a significant number of other countries. We can deduce from these lines that tourism has become the largest contributing factor to the economy of the country, leading to a huge global impact for several nations. Thus, the answer is vii.
5 Answer: True
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph C, line 4
Answer explanations: We find reference in the fourth line of Paragraph C, which states that according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), travel and tourism are the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment, and tax contribution. We can deduce from these lines that tourism contributes to the economy of many countries and tourism & travel industry are the largest industry in the world on any economic measure. Thus, the statement agrees with the information, so, the answer is True.
6 Answer: Not Given
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph C, line 9
Answer explanations: We find reference in the ninth line of paragraph C, which illustrate that travel & tourism industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6% of the world’s national product. However, we don’t find any reference of information for the gross national product of Australia. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
7 Answer: Not Given
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph C
Answer explanations: We can find reference in the last line of paragraph C that tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself. These lines indicate that tourism has a significant impact on society due to its high employability rate and the educative effect. However, we do not find reference for information stating that tourism has a social impact as it promotes recreation. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
8 Answer: True
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph D
Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph D states that the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. We understand that the two main features of the travel and tourism industry are diversity and fragmentation, and have hidden or obscured its economic significance. Thus, the answer is True.
9 Answer: Not Given
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph D, 5th line
Answer explanations: We can find reference in the 5th line of paragraph D, which states that many of the businesses serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. These lines suggest that the tourism industry not only caters to the tourists but also to the local residents. However, there’s no reference saying that visitors spend more than the residents of that specific tourist area. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
10 Answer: False
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 8
Answer explanations: The eighth line of paragraph E states that however, because of the problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid, or reliable data about the extent of worldwide tourism participation or its economic impact. These lines suggest that it is not easy to present statistically reliable data about the tourism impacts. Thus, the statement disagrees and contradicts the information in the passage. So, the answer is False.
11 Answer: Source of income/industry
Question type: Sentence Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 4
Answer explanations: The fourth line in paragraph E illustrates an example, i.e, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and most Caribbean countries. These lines indicate that the major source of income in the above-listed countries is due to tourism. Thus, the answer is source of income/ industry.
12 Answer: employer
Question type: Sentence completion
Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 5
Answer explanations: We understand from the fifth line of paragraph E, that Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the US, and the USA. These lines indicate that the tourism and travel industry as recommended by Hawkins and Ritchie is the number one employer ranked in multiple countries including Jamaica. Thus, the answer is Employer.
13 Answer: domestic tourism
Question type: Sentence completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 10 – 11
Answer explanations: We find reference in the 10th line of paragraph E, which states that in many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism. We understand from these lines that the measurement of data related to domestic tourism is affected due to the lack of definitions. Thus, the answer is domestic tourism.
Reading Passage 2
14 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Information
Answer locations: Paragraph C
Answer explanations: We can understand from the introductory line of paragraph C, which states that the source of red is widely known; it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. These lines suggest that anthocyanins are responsible for the red color of leaves. Thus, the answer is C.
15 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Information
Answer locations: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph B, illustrates that as fall approaches in the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For many trees – evergreen conifers being an exception, the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis until the spring. So, rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves throughout the winter , the tree saves its precious resources and discards them. These lines suggest that trees like conifers cannot create photosynthesis on their own due to the lack of solar energy, as a result of which they stop their photosynthesis till spring. Thus, the tree removes the leaves to save its precious energy. So, the answer is B.
16 Answer: H
Question type: Matching Information
Answer locations: Paragraph H
Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph H states that even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there. The lines suggest that there are some clues which can confirm the purpose of red leaves. So, the answer is H.
17 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Information
Answer locations: Paragraph B
Answer explanations: The introductory line of Paragraph B illustrates that summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecules that capture sunlight and convert that energy into new building materials for the tree. These lines explain the process of Chlorophyll. So, the answer is B.
18 Answer: E
Question type: Matching Information
Answer locations: Paragraph E
Answer explanations: We find reference in Paragraph E, which illustrates that it has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colors to convince herbivorous insects that they’re healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defenses against infestation. These lines indicate that the red coloration works as a warning sign for herbivorous insects and protects the trees from those insects. So, the answer is E.
19 Answer: Sun/ Sunlight
Question type: Notes Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 2
Answer explanations: We understand from the 2nd line of paragraph H, that one is straightforward on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets the most sun. These lines suggest that the leaves become red as they are found on the side of the tree which faces the sun. So, the answer is Sun/sunlight.
20 Answer: upper
Question type: Notes Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 3
Answer explanations: The 3rd line of paragraph H states that not only that but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. These lines indicate that red pigment appears mostly on the upper side of the leaf. Thus, the answer is upper.
21 Answer: dry
Question type: Notes Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 3
Answer explanations: We understand from the 3rd line in paragraph H, that it has also been recognized for decades that the best conditions for intense red colours are dry, sunny days and cool night conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light. These lines clearly illustrate that the intense red color in the leaves occurs when the weather is dry and sunny. Thus, the answer is dry.
22 Answer: north
Question type: Notes Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 5
Answer explanations: The fifth line of paragraph H states that finally trees such as maples usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. We understand from these lines that if someone travels further north in the northern hemisphere, they’ll spot redder leaves, i.e, the intensity of red color will increase. Thus, the answer is North.
23 Answer: False
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph D
Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph D states that some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by fungi or insects, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leafs tolerance to freezing. These lines indicate that red pigment increases the leaf’s tolerance to freezing temperatures, but it doesn’t protect the leaf from the freezing temperatures. Thus, the statement contradicts the information, so, the answer is False.
24 Answer: True
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph F
Answer explanations: We find reference in the introductory line of paragraph F, which states that perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light screen’ photosynthesis. It sounds paradoxical. Here, paradoxical refers to seems to contradict, which means the statement agrees with the information, so, the answer is True.
25 Answer: Not Given
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph I
Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph I illustrates the writer’s confused tone, where he says that what is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don’t bother and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Although these lines indicate writer’s confusion about the leaf’s color, there’s no reference to the statement that leaves turning other colors apart from red are likely to be damaged by the sun. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
26 Answer: B
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer locations: Paragraph B, line 8
Answer explanations: The 8th line in paragraph B, illustrates the unmasking explains the autumn colors of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant red and purples of trees such as the maple or sumac. Thus, it’s clear that Paragraph B discusses how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn. So, the answer is B.
Reading Passage 3
27 Answer: B
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 1, line 3
Answer explanations: The 3rd line of the first paragraph states that an agricultural worker digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave, the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. These lines suggest that a worker was digging the grounds of an abandoned plantation, scraping open a grave. Here, derelict means abandon. So, the answer is B (Plantation).
28 Answer: F
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 1
Answer explanations: We understand from the introductory line of the first paragraph that an important archaeological discovery on the Efate island in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of todays, Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave, the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. These lines indicate that the cemetery is a significant archaeological discovery on the Efate island, which was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker. So, the answer is F (archaeological discovery).
29 Answer: I
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 2
Answer explanations: Paragraph 2 discuss the voyages made by the Lapita. The introductory line of the 2nd paragraph states that Lapita were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives, their livestock, taro seedlings, and stone tools. Here, livestock means animals, Tari seedlings mean saplings of some sort of root type plants and stone tools mean tools made up of stone. Thus, the answer is I (animals which refers to livestock).
30 Answer: G
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 3, line 3
Answer explanations: The 3rd line of Paragraph 3 illustrates the other items included a lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the humans remains sealed inside. It is an important discovery, says Matthew Spriggs. We can deduce from these lines that Matthew Spriggs explains that the burial urn found in the discovery is important because it carried human remains inside which proved to be the remains of lapita people. Thus, the answer is D (burial urn).
31 Answer: D
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer locations: Paragraph 3, line 3
Answer explanations: The 3rd line of Paragraph 3 states that the other items included a lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the humans remains sealed inside. It is an important discovery, says Matthew Spriggs. These lines suggest that the discovery of the lapita burial urn is important as it carried human remains inside which proved to be the remains of lapita people. It is clear that the burial urn confirms that human remains found inside are lapita. Here, human remains refer to the bones. So, the answer is D (Bones).
32 Answer: C
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer locations: Paragraph 5
Answer explanations: Paragraph 5 starts with one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers, how did the lapita accomplish the ancient mariner equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before they reach as far back in time as the lapita. These lines suggest that today’s archaeology couldn’t verify all the information regarding the lapita’s accomplishments. Even local Polynesians were unable to provide any insight into this topic. Thus, it is clear that there’s very little information relating to this period. So, the answer is C.
33 Answer: A
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer locations: Paragraph 6, line 5
Answer explanations: The fifth line of Paragraph 6 states that the real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land with empty horizons on every side. We understand from these lines that it was a real adventure for the Lapita descendants to sail out of sight of land (beyond the point where land was visible) with empty horizons on every side. Thus, the answer is A.
34 Answer: D
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer locations: Paragraph 7
Answer explanations: Paragraph 7 illustrates the comments made by Professor Geoff Irwin, who said that they could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would have made the whole thing work. We can deduce from these lines that the word ‘this’ indicates the belief of the Lapita people that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds, which would have made the whole thing work. Thus, the answer is D.
35 Answer: C
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer locations: Paragraph 8
Answer explanations: Paragraph 8 illustrates that for returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net. Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of intervisible islands forming a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home. These lines indicate that the geography of the area gave explorers the safety from getting lost in the open space. Further, the mariners used the intervisible islands to use trade winds to return home, which indicates that the navigation on returning home was made easy by that specific area’s geography. Thus, the answer is C.
36 Answer: No
Question type: Yes/No/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph 7
Answer explanations: The introductory line of Paragraph 7 illustrates Irwin’s notes, where he says that Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds. Thus, these lines indicate that the Lapita couldn’t sail against the prevailing trade winds. So, the answer is No.
37 Answer: Yes
Question type: Yes/No/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph 10
Answer explanations: We understand from the introductory line of Paragraph 10, that rather than give all the credit to human skill, Anderson invokes the winds of chance. El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. We can deduce that Professor Anderson is suggesting the climate disruption named El Nino played a major role in scattering the Lapita. Thus, the statement agrees with the information. So, the answer is Yes.
38 Answer: Not Given
Question type: Yes/No/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph 10
Answer explanations: We find the reference of El Nino in Paragraph 10, however, there’s no reference for the information regarding the Lapita people learning to predict about the El Nino duration. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
39 Answer: Yes
Question type: Yes/No/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph 11
Answer explanations: The introductory line of Paragraph 11 illustrates, however, they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. We understand that Lapita spread across the Pacific and quit for some reasons which is still unclear. Therefore, the reasons for which the expansions halted across the Pacific by the Lapita are only known to them. Thus, the answer is Yes.
40 Answer: Not Given
Question type: Yes/No/Not Given
Answer locations: Paragraph 11
Answer explanations: We find reference for Fiji in Paragraph 11,where it is mentioned that there are more than 300 islands in Fiji alone, however, there’s no reference to the number of Lapita settled on Fiji. Thus, the answer is Not Given.
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