IELTS Vocabulary Words List for Band 8 or 9

Education

Curriculum

subjects comprising a course of study in a school

Our curriculum focuses on the overall development of a child and includes all important subjects.

Pedagogy

method and practice of teaching

Modern pedagogy encourages interactive learning.

Rote learning

memorizing without understanding

Rote learning can be less effective than understanding concepts deeply.

Matriculation

admission to a group, especially a school

His matriculation at the university was a proud moment for his family.

Scholarship

financial aid for students to study

She won a scholarship at one of the top UK universities.

Literacy

the ability to read and write

Improving literacy should be one of the major goals for every developing country.

Assessment

evaluation or estimation of a student’s ability

He performs well in every class assessment.

Supervision

the act of watching a person or activity and making certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc

This project was completed under the supervision of the head boy.

Vocational

relating to an occupation or employment

Vocational training helps students prepare for specific trades.

Discipline

a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education

Psychology is a fascinating discipline that explores human behavior.

Environment

Contamination

the presence of unwanted substances

The contamination of the oceans is a leading reason for the death of marine organisms.

Biodiversity

variety of life in the world or a particular habitat

The Amazon rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity.

Ecosystem

a community of interacting organisms and their environment

It is important to protect the ecosystems for a healthy environment.

Conservation

preservation and protection of the environment

The Mayor has come up with some conservation plans in the marshlands.

Sustainability

meeting needs without compromising future generations

Sustainability practices are crucial for preserving natural resources.

Renewable

that can be continued or replaced with a new one for another period of time

Solar and wind are examples of renewable energy sources.

Poaching

illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals

Poaching is a major threat to many endangered species.

Landfill

a site for the disposal of waste materials

Reducing waste sent to landfills is important for environmental health.

Climate Change

long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns

Climate changes have led to the recent extreme temperatures.

Deforestation

clearing of trees, transforming a forest into cleared land

Deforestation has caused the reduction of rainfall and an increase in soil erosion.

Emissions

the act of sending gas, heat, light, etc. out into the air, or an amount of gas, heat, light, etc that is sent out

The emissions from the factories need to be controlled as they are causing pollution.

Catastrophe

a sudden disaster

The oil spill is a catastrophe that no one will be able to forget soon.

Habitat

the natural home or environment of an animal or plant

Many species are losing their natural habitats due to urban expansion.

Health

Immunization

the process of making a person immune to infection

Immunization programs have significantly reduced the spread of diseases.

Nutrition

the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health

Proper nutrition is essential for children’s growth and development.

Diagnosis

identification of an illness or problem

The doctors were able to make an early diagnosis that improved the chances of successful treatment.

Hygiene

conditions or practices to maintain health

Good hygiene practices are important in preventing infections.

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease

The flu epidemic affected thousands of people across the country.

Mental Health

a person’s emotional and psychological well-being

Mental health is a critical aspect of the overall health of every individual.

Rehabilitation

the process of restoring someone to health or normal life

The hospital offers great rehabilitation programs that help patients recover faster.

Sedentary

involving little physical activity

The sedentary lifestyle of the current generation has led to a lot of health issues.

Preventative

intended to prevent disease

Regular exercise and a healthy diet are preventative measures against heart disease.

Contagious

capable of being transmitted from one person to another

The flu is highly contagious, so it is important to stay home when sick.

Technology

Innovation

a new method, idea, or product

The latest innovation in smartphones has reduced the use of cameras.

Automation

use of machinery to perform tasks automatically

It has been noticed that automation in manufacturing has increased productivity.

Cybersecurity

protection of internet-connected systems from cyberattacks

Companies must invest in cybersecurity to protect sensitive data.

Artificial Intelligence

development of computer systems to perform tasks requiring human intelligence

Artificial intelligence is playing an important role in every aspect of our lives now.

Digitalization

process of converting information into a digital format

Digitalization has transformed traditional industries like publishing.

Connectivity

state of being connected

Improved internet connectivity has made remote work easier.

Software

programs used by computers

The software needs to be updated from time to time for better performance.

Database

an organized collection of data

The company maintains a database of all its customers.

Hardware

the physical components of a computer

Upgrading the computer's hardware can improve its performance.

Tech-savvy

well informed about or proficient in the use of technology

Being tech-savvy is essential in today’s digital world.

Encryption

the process of encoding information to prevent unauthorized access

Encryption ensures that sensitive information remains secure and is not misused.

Work

Employment

state of having a job

Recently, he came to know about the government employment opportunities.

Freelance

working independently rather than for a company

He has been working freelance to handle his personal duties.

Productivity

the ability to do as much work as possible in a particular period

Engagement and proper incentives can lead to better productivity in workplaces.

Resume

a summary of a person’s work experience and qualifications

He has submitted his resume to this new company.

Workforce

people engaged in or available for work

The majority of their workforce comprises women.

Job Satisfaction

the feeling of fulfillment from one’s job

In most companies, there is no job satisfaction which leads to loss of productivity.

Increment

a small increase

There has been no increment in the company for the past few years, leading to more resignations.

Perks

extra benefits given to employees

There are many perks to working as her assistant.

Incentives

things that encourage someone to do something

The company provides incentives for employees who meet their targets.

Downsize

to reduce the size of the workforce

Recently, the company had to downsize due to financial difficulties.

Travel & Tourism

Destination

the place to which someone is going

They planned to go to Italy as their honeymoon destination.

Itinerary

a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that you will visit

Our travel agent provided a detailed itinerary for our trip to Japan.

Accommodation

a place where travelers can stay

We found comfortable accommodation near the city center at a low cost.

Souvenir

something that you keep reminding you of somewhere you have been on holiday or of a special event

She brought back a small souvenir from her trip to Korea.

Hospitality

the friendly and generous reception of guests

The hotel is known for its excellent hospitality and service.

Culture Shock

a feeling of confusion that results from suddenly experiencing a culture with customs that are not familiar to you

It is common to experience culture shock when you move to a new country with a different culture.

Jet Lag

extreme tiredness after long flights across time zones

They decided to rest for the evening, as they were still recovering from jet lag after the long flight from New York.

Hinterland

remote or less developed areas of a country

They decided to explore the hinterland of Australia on their vacation.

Urban sprawl

uncontrolled expansion of urban areas

Urban sprawl has led to the loss of many natural habitats.

Excursion

a short journey or trip for leisure or education

We went on a weekend excursion to the mountains.

Culture & Society

Heritage

valued objects and qualities passed down from past generations

The museum showcases the cultural heritage of the region.

Multicultural

containing multiple cultural elements

India is a multicultural country with a diverse population.

Community

a group of people living in the same area or having common interests

The community organized a clean-up event in the neighborhood.

Social Norms

accepted behavior in a society

Understanding social norms is crucial when living in a different country.

Ritual

a set of actions performed as part of a ceremony

They followed every ritual for their wedding ceremony.

Tolerance

the ability to accept others' differences

His tolerance level with his daughter is praiseworthy.

Diaspora

a group of people who live outside their ancestral homeland

The Indian diaspora has spread to many parts of the world.

Linguistic

connected with language or the study of language

There is a linguistic diversity in every part of this country.

Handicrafts

handmade objects created by skillful use of the hands

The market is famous for its unique handicrafts made by local artisans.

Legend

a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical

The legend of King Arthur is well known in British folklore.

Science

Experiment

a scientific test that is done in order to get proof of something or new knowledge

The students conducted an experiment to observe chemical reactions.

Hypothesis

an idea that is suggested as the possible explanation for something but has not yet been found to be true or correct

He is trying to prove his own hypothesis through some experiments.

Research

a detailed and careful study of something to find out more information about it

His research on renewable energy was published in a scientific journal.

Invention

creation of a new device or process

The invention of the telephone revolutionized communication.

Theory

a system of ideas intended to explain something

The theory of evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth.

Patent

the official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention; the document that shows this is your right

The scientist received a patent for her innovative medical device.

Cyber crime

criminal activities carried out using computers or the internet

Cybercrime has become a significant concern for law enforcement.

Breakthrough

a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development

The recent breakthrough in cancer research has given new hope to patients.

Ethics

beliefs about what is morally correct or acceptable

The debate about the ethics of cloning continues to be highly controversial.

Discovery

act of finding or learning something for the first time

The discovery of penicillin was a major advancement in medicine.

Media & Advertising

Advertisement

a notice or announcement promoting a product or service

The company displayed the advertisement for the new car across the city.

Broadcast

to transmit a program or some information

The news broadcast keeps the public informed about current events.

Journalism

the activity of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news

Journalism plays an essential role in holding the government accountable.

Campaign

an organized course of action to achieve a goal

We participated in an environmental campaign focused on reducing plastic waste.

Commercial

a paid advertisement on radio or television

The commercial was shown on prime-time TV, reaching a large audience.

Branding

the process of creating a unique image for a product

The company’s branding focuses on sustainability and innovation.

Propaganda

biased information used to promote a particular point of view

The government's propaganda was used to shape public opinion.

Promote

to support or actively encourage

Their products promote sustainability and reuse.

Billboards

large outdoor advertising structures

Billboards are commonly seen along highways and busy streets.

Telemarketing

the act of selling products or services over the phone

Telemarketing is often the easiest way to reach out to potential customers.

Editorial

an article in a newspaper, usually written by the head of the newspaper (editor), giving an opinion on an important subject

The editorial criticized the government’s handling of the crisis.

Endorsement

the act of saying that you approve of or support something or someone

The celebrity’s endorsement helped boost the product’s sales.

Family & Relationships

Sibling

a brother or sister

Fights among siblings are quite common and are a problem for the parents.

Kinship

a family relationship or blood relation

Kinship ties are important in many cultures, providing support networks.

Foster

to take care of a child or animal temporarily

They decided to foster a dog until they found its owner.

Peer

a person who is equal to another in abilities or status

Peer pressure can sometimes influence young people to make poor choices.

Role model

a person looked to by others as an example to be imitated

She is a role model for young girls in the community.

Upbringing

the way a child is raised, including influences and training

She got angry when they questioned her upbringing.

Acquaintance

a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend

She is just an acquaintance from my university.

Ancestors

a person in your family who lived a long time before you

My ancestors came from Sri Lanka many generations ago.

Descendants

future generations of a family

He hopes that his descendants will carry on the family legacy.

Hereditary

passed down from one generation to another

Certain diseases are hereditary and can be passed through families.

Spouse

a husband or wife

He introduced his spouse at the company’s annual event.

Close-knit

a group of people or a family with strong connections

The close-knit community always supports one another in times of need.