Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image, Eats Shoots And Leaves - IELTS Reading Answers
This article is based on the IELTS reading answer topic 'Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image & Eats Shoots And Leaves.'
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The ‘Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image & Eats Shoots And Leaves’ Academic Reading passage is a good resource for anyone who is preparing for the IELTS Reading test. This passage will help you understand what kind of reading passages you will encounter and the questions that you will be asked to solve.
By taking the ‘Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image & Eats Shoots And Leaves’ IELTS Reading Answer, you can acquaint yourself with the types of questions that you will be asked and the level of difficulty that you can expect.
The question types in this Reading Passage include:
- IELTS Matching Information (Q. 14-20)
- IELTS Matching Headings (Q. 1-5)
- IELTS Multiple Choice Questions (Q. 38-40)
- IELTS Yes/No/Not Given (Q. 21-26)
- IELTS Sentence Completion (Q. 10-13)
- IELTS Summary Completion (Q. 33-37)
- IELTS Matching Features (Q. 27-32)
For more IELTS Reading practice, take more IELTS reading practice tests.
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
Find the practice test with the Bioluminescence PDF here.
Questions 1-5
Reading Passage 1 has five sections, A-E.
Choose the correct headings for sections A-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. Mushrooms that glow in the dark
ii. Bright creatures on land and in the sea
iii. Evolution’s solution
iv. Cave-dwelling organisms
v. Future opportunities in biological engineering
vi. Nature’s gift to medicine
vii. Bioluminescence in humans
viii. Purposes of bioluminescence in the wild
ix. Luminescent pets
1 Section A
2 Section B
3 Section C
4 Section D
5 Section E
Questions 6-9
Choose FOUR letters. A—G.
Write the correct letters in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.
Which FOUR uses are listed for bioluminescence in nature?
A ways of attracting food
B tracing the spread of diseases
C mating signals
D growing trees for street lighting
E drug trials
F defensive tactics
G a torch to identify food
6 .......................
7 .......................
8 .......................
9 .......................
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in blank spaces 10-13 on your answer sheet
10 The luminescent fluid that a vampire squid emits has a …………………… effect on its predator.
11 In order to use bioluminescence in a trans-genetic environment, ……………………. must first be removed from a bioluminescent creature.
12 One advantage of BLI is that it could allow researchers to see how a treatment is working without altering or disturbing …………………….
13 In the future, …………………… may be able to use bioluminescence to identify evidence on dead bodies.
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
Find the practice test with the Changes In Male Body Image PDF here.
Questions 14-20
Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 an opinion on whether body image changes have positive or negative effects
15 a historical comparison of gendered body images
16 a humiliating confession of overeating by a public figure
17 a cosmetic operation that has become increasingly popular
18 a health condition afflicting increasing numbers of men
19 the effect of changing body ideals on a male model
20 an explanation of how living standards affect the desirability of male physiques
Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 21—26 on your answer sheet, write
YES, if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO, if the statement contradicts with the view of the writer
NOT GIVEN, if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
21 A thin body is achievable for men regardless of their genes.
22 Male liposuction is more popular than male breast-reduction.
23 Rating disorders harm the mind and body.
24 Women seek help for eating disorders more often than men.
25 Men’s Health has suffered from a downturn in magazine sales.
26 As public healthcare improves, men, become more feminine.
Reading Passage 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on the Reading Passage below.
Find the practice test with the Eats, Shoots, And Leaves PDF here.
Questions 27-32
Look at the following statements (Questions 27-32) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person A-E.
Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
27 Mistakes should be corrected on the basis of common sense.
28 No one has legitimacy as an ultimate authority on punctuation use.
29 Eats, Shoots and Leaves is not the type of book it claims to be.
30 The idea that some forms of language can be better than others is wrong.
31 The semicolon has no real purpose.
32 We can ask whether rules are helpful without undermining the need for rules.
List of people
A Kurt Vonnegut Jr
B Louis Menand
C David Chrystal
D Geoffrey K. Pullum
E Charles Gaulke
Questions 33-37
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in blank spaces next to 33-37 on your answer sheet.
Eats, Shoots, and Leaves is a book on punctuation by journalist Lynne Truss, who could be described as a 33…………………… She dedicates the book to the Bolshevik printers who started the 34…………………. by protesting for better pay conditions. The book is partly a humorous criticism of incorrect punctuation. Some of the examples are so bad it is possible that they are actually a 35…………………. Truss also guides the reader on correct punctuation usage. She likes the em dash because it is not as 36……………………. as the semicolon, for example, but remains a 37…………………… of the latter due to its ability to discipline areas of text that are crowded with commas.
Questions 38-40
Choose THREE letters, A—G.
Write the correct letters in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following statements form part of the author’s conclusion?
A Rules prevent the creation of new things.
B A centralized point of control can effectively guide the flow of language.
C Both the descriptivists and prescriptivists have important roles to play in language evolution.
D Disputes over matters of language rules need not be condemned.
E Prescriptivists and descriptivists are both wrong.
F Rules help everyone use language and do not merely prescribe usage.
G An essential part of creativity is the rejection of that which has come before.
38 .....................
39 .....................
40 .....................
Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image & Eats Shoots And Leaves IELTS Reading Answers With Explanations
Don’t miss the answer key for the Bioluminescence, Changes In Male Body Image & Eats Shoots And Leaves IELTS Reading passage, complete with detailed explanations, and prepare to score a high IELTS Reading band score.
Bioluminescence Reading Answers (Passage 1)
1 Answer: iii
Question Type: Matching Headings
Answer location: Paragraph A, last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “This has not stopped some organisms from turning these inhospitable environments into their homes, and in the process many have created their own forms of light by developing one of the stunning visual marvels of the biological universe – bioluminescence.” Hence, we can learn about the issue of the complete lack of natural light at any time of day. Bioluminescence is the process by which species living in dark environments, such as the seafloor or caves, make their own kinds of light to solve the problem (solution). Thus, the appropriate title for this paragraph would be evolution’s solution.
2 Answer: ii
Question Type: Matching Headings
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 1
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, the author in the given paragraph mentions that “many people will encounter bioluminescence at some point in their life, typically in some form of glowworm, which is found on most continents. North and South America are home to the “firefly”, a glowing beetle which is known as a glow-worm during its larvae stage.” Here, we can deduce that author listed many animals and plants (creature) like glowworm, firefly, glowing beetles and worms, flies, centipedes, mollusks, and snails, anglerfish, cookie-cutter sharks, flashlight fish, lantern fish, gulper eels, viperfish, and many other species with bioluminescent qualities (bright) on some continents (land) and below the ocean’s surface (sea). Thus, the appropriate title for this paragraph would be bright creatures on land and in the sea.
3 Answer: viii
Question Type: Matching Headings
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph C suggests that “the natural uses of bioluminescence vary widely, and organisms have learnt to be very creative with its use. Fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for reproductive means – their flashing patterns advertise a firefly’s readiness to breed.” Thus, we can conclude that author is trying to prove that some creatures with bioluminescent qualities use them for a purpose. Therefore, the purpose of bioluminescence in the wild is the appropriate title for this paragraph.
4 Answer: vi
Question Type: Matching Headings
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 3
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that “researchers have been able to use luminized pathogens and cancer cell lines to track the respective spread of infections and cancers.” Also, “as a result, when testing drugs and treatments, researchers are permitted a single perspective of a therapy’s progression.” Thus, we can conclude that scientists devised a technique based on bioluminescence (from wild animals) that might be used to track and detect diseases and malignancies, as well as evaluate pharmaceuticals and treatments (parts of medicine). Hence, nature’s Gift to medicine is the appropriate title for this paragraph.
5 Answer: v
Question Type: Matching Headings
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph E suggests that “once scientists learn how to engineer bioluminescence and keep it stable in large quantities, a number of other human uses for it will become available.” Thus, when scientists figure out how to design bioluminescence and keep it stable in huge amounts, it will be employed for a variety of applications in the future. Hence, the appropriate title for this paragraph would be future opportunities in biological engineering.
6 Answer: 1 (1,3,6,7 : in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4
Answer explanation: If you read clearly, it is mentioned that “others use it as a lure; the anglerfish, for example, dangles a luminescent flare that draws in gullible, smaller fishes which get snapped up by the anglerfish in an automated reflex.”Here, the term lure has been paraphrased to attract. Hence, from this given information we can confirm that the anglerfish uses bioluminescence to attract smaller fishes, which are their food.
7 Answer: 3 (1,3,6,7 : in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 2
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. You must note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it is said that “fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for reproductive means – their flashing patterns advertise a firefly’s readiness to breed. Some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey.” Here, firefly’s readiness to breed which can be inferred as mating signals.
8 Answer: 6 (1,3,6,7 : in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6
Answer explanation: Few lines in the said paragraph convey that “vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which can be disorientating. Other species use a single, bright flash to temporarily blind their attacker, with an effect similar to that of an oncoming car which has not dipped its headlights.“ Since it is mentioned that vampire squids use bioluminescence to resist when threatened, it can be considered a defensive tactic.
9 Answer: 7 (1,3,6,7 : in any order)
Question Type: Multiple Choice questions
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 3
Answer explanation: A line in the passage mentions that “some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey.” This line confirms that some fishes use bioluminescence as a torch (handy spotlight) to identify (locate) their food as prey.
10 Answer: disorienting
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6
Answer explanation: If you observe, in the said paragraph to the fact that “vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which can be disorientating. “ Here, the term eject has been paraphrased to emit. Hence, we can say that the glowing luminescent liquid from the squid can be disorientating.
11 Answer: DNA protein
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2
Answer explanation: A few lines in said paragraph discuss that “BU involves the extraction of a DNA protein from a bioluminescent organism, and then the integration of this protein into a laboratory animal through trans- geneticism.” Here, extracted has been paraphrased to remove and the organism is paraphrased to creatures. Hence, it is a DNA protein that must be extracted from bioluminescent creatures.
12 Answer: natural processes
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 5
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, the author in the given paragraph mentions that “in other words, while an ultra-sensitive camera and bioluminescent proteins add a visual element, they do not disrupt or mutate the natural processes.” We can deduce that one advantage of (through) BLI is that it allows treatment without disrupting or mutating (altering) the natural processes.
13 Answer: forensic investigators/scientists
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 5
Answer explanation: Paragraph E puts forward the information that “in a similar way, forensic investigators could detect bacterial species on corpses through bioluminescence.” We can infer that the term corpses has been paraphrased to dead bodies. Hence, forensic investigators could use bioluminescence to detect (identify) bacterial species on corpses.
Changes in Male Body Image Reading Answers (Passage 2)
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Questions 14-26
14 Answer: G
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph G, line 4
Answer explanation: The 4th line of paragraph G illustrates that these ideals co-exist by pulling men in different directions and encouraging them to believe they must always be chasing physical perfection, while simultaneously destabilizing any firm notions of what physical perfection requires. We can deduce from these lines that in paragraph G, the writer explains that Poly Vernon claims that there are different notions of masculinity and its beauty, which have both negative and positive effects. Thus, the answer is G.
15 Answer: A
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph A describes the historical comparison of gendered body images, i.e, from voluptuous and curvy in the days of Marilyn Monroe to slender and androgynous when Twiggy hit the London scene in the mid-1960s, and then on to the towering Amazonian models of the 1980s and the “heroin chic” and size-zero obsession of today, it is not just clothes that go in and out of fashion for women. These lines clearly indicate that the paragraph explains the changing trends and expectations of women’s bodies over the years, so, the appropriate answer is A.
16 Answer: E
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 8
Answer explanation: Paragraph E, Line 8, states that in 2008, male eating disorders were thrust into the spotlight when former British Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, admitted to habitually gorging on junk food and then inducing himself to vomit while in office. “I never admitted to this out of shame and embarrassment,” he said. “I found it difficult as a man like me to admit that I suffered from bulimia.” These lines clearly illustrate a humiliating confession of overeating by former British Deputy PM, John Prescott, who admitted to having suffered from bulimia, i.e, overeating excess junk food, and forcing himself to vomit while in his office. Therefore, the answer is E.
17 Answer: D
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 6
Answer explanation: The 6th line of paragraph D states that male breast reduction has become especially popular, in 2009, the year-on-year growth rate for this procedure rose to 44 per cent in the United Kingdom. Liposuction also remains popular in the market for male body reconstructive surgery, with 35,000 such procedures being performed on men every year. These lines reveal that cosmetic operations (male breast reduction and liposuction) have become increasingly popular. So, the answer is D.
18 Answer: E
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 4
Answer explanation: The 4th line of paragraph E states that in 1990, only 10% of people suffering from anorexia or bulimia were believed to be male, but this figure has climbed steadily to around one-quarter today. Around two in five binge eaters are men. These lines indicate that anorexia has been affecting an increasing number of males over the years. Thus, bulimia and anorexia are the health conditions that have been affecting an increasing number of males. So, the answer is E.
19 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: The introductory lines of paragraph C illustrates that elsewhere in the fashion industry, the label American Apparel is releasing a line of trousers in sizes no larger than a 30-inch waist, which squeezes out most of the younger male market who have an average waistline over five inches larger. Slender young men are naturally starting to dominate the catwalks and magazine pages as well “No one wanted the big guys,” model David Gandy has said, describing how his muscled physique was losing him jobs. We can deduce from these lines that slender young men were dominating the fashion industry while muscled physique men were losing their jobs, which shows the effect of changing body ideals on male models. So, the answer is C.
20 Answer: F
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 8
Answer explanation: We can find reference in the 8th line of paragraph F which states that a University of Aberdeen study, conducted using 4,500 women from over 30 countries, found a pronounced correlation between levels of public healthcare and the amount of effeminacy women preferred in their men. In Sweden, the country considered to have the best healthcare, 68 percent of women preferred the men who were shown with feminine facial features. In Brazil, the country with the worst healthcare in the study, only 45 percent of women were so inclined. “The results suggest that as healthcare improves, more masculine men fall out of favor,” the researchers concluded. These lines reveal multiple research studies conducted by various universities and countries that reflect how living standards affect the desirability of male physiques. So, the answer is F.
21 Answer: No
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 1
Answer explanation: The introductory line of paragraph D illustrates that achieving such a physique can be unattainable for those without the natural genetic make-up. These lines indicate that achieving physique is impossible without a natural genetic makeup, which contradicts the statement in the question. So, the answer is No.
22 Answer: Not Given
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 6
Answer explanation: We find reference for male breast reduction in the 6th line of paragraph D, which illustrates that male breast reduction has become especially popular, in 2009, the year-on-year growth rate for this procedure rose to 44 per cent in the United Kingdom. Liposuction also remains popular in the market for male body reconstructive surgery, with 35,000 such procedures being performed on men every year. Although these lines reveal that cosmetic operations like male breast reduction and liposuction had become increasingly popular, it doesn’t illustrate which is more popular than the other. Thus, there’s no reference in the passage. So, the answer is Not Given.
23 Answer: Yes
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 2
Answer explanation: Paragraph E, line 2 states that eating disorders are detrimental to the physical and mental condition of people who suffer from them, and the desire to achieve unrealistic physiques has been implicated as a cause. These lines suggest that eating disorders have been affecting physical and mental health of people. Thus, the statement agrees with the information, so, the answer is Yes.
24 Answer: Yes
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 3
Answer explanation: The 3rd line of paragraph E states that women still make up the majority of those afflicted by eating disorders, but the perception of it being a “girly” problem has contributed to men being less likely to pursue treatment. These lines indicate that women being affected with eating disorders is considered to be a girly problem, for which they are likely to pursue treatment, whereas men don’t pursue treatments. Therefore, the information agrees with the statement. So, the answer is Yes.
25 Answer: No
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph F illustrates that men’s health, one of the only titles to weather the floundering magazine market with sales increasing to a quarter of a million per issue, has a staple diet of bulky men on the cover who entice readers with the promise of big, powerful muscles. These lines suggest that there has been a tremendous increase in the magazine sales, as they reflect bulky men, which entices the readers to have powerful muscles. Therefore, the statement contradicts the information, so, the answer is No.
26 Answer: Not Given
Question type: Yes/ No/ Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 8
Answer explanation: We can find reference for public healthcare in the 8th line of paragraph 8, which states that a University of Aberdeen study, conducted using 4,500 women from over 30 countries, found a pronounced correlation between levels of public healthcare and the number of effeminacy women preferred in their men. In Sweden, the country considered to have the best healthcare, 68 percent of women preferred the men who were shown with feminine facial features. In Brazil, the country with the worst healthcare in the study, only 45 percent of women were so inclined. “The results suggest that as healthcare improves, more masculine men fall out of favor,” the researchers concluded. These lines suggest that different countries conducted research that showed how healthcare has been impacting the desirability of male physiques. The research showed that when healthcare is improved, more masculine men fall out of favour. Thus, there’s no reference in the passage. So, the answer is Not Given.
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Eats, Shoots And Leaves Reading Answers (Passage 3)
Questions 27-40
27 Answer: D
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph F states that “Don’t ever imagine,” Geoffrey K. Pullum on the Language Log emphasises, “that I think all honest attempts at using English are just as good as any others. Bad writing needs to be fixed. But let’s make sure we fix the right things.” In other words, we do not require a dogmatic approach to clean up the misused languages. We can deduce from these lines the sayings by Geoffrey, who says not to imagine on the language log emphasis. He also says that bad writing should be fixed and mistakes should be corrected based on common sense. Thus, the answer is D.
28 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 6
Answer explanation: The 6th line of paragraph E states that zero tolerance does not allow for flexibility,” Chrystal argues. “It is prescriptivism taken to extremes. It suggests that language is in a state where all the rules are established with 100 percent certainty. The suggestion is false. We do not know what all the rules of punctuation are. And no rule of punctuation is followed by all of the people all of the time. We understand from these lines Chrystal arguing that zero tolerance doesn’t allow for flexibility and that it is prescriptivism that is taken to extremes. These lines also indicate Chrystal saying that no one has legitimacy as an ultimate authority on punctuation use. So, the answer is C.
29 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 8
Answer explanation: The 8th line of paragraph D illustrates that Ultimately, Louie holds Truss accused of producing a book that pleases those who “just need to vent” and concludes that Eats, Shoots and Leaves is actually a tirade against the decline of language and print that disguises itself, thinly and poorly, as some kind of a style manual. These lines suggest that Louis concluded saying that Eats, Shoots, and Leaves is not the type of book it claims to be. It disguises itself in different ways. So, the answer is B.
30 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph E
Answer explanation: The introductory line of paragraph E states that Linguist David Chrystal has criticised what he describes as a “linguistic purism” coursing through Truss’ book. Linguistic purism is the notion that one variety of language is somehow more-pure than others. We understand from these lines that Chrystal criticising linguistic purism, which has the same meaning as the notion that some forms of language can be better than others is wrong. So, the answer is C.
31 Answer: A
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6
Answer explanation: The 6th line of paragraph C illustrates that a truss is a personal champion of the semicolon, a historically contentious punctuation mark elsewhere maligned by novelist Kurt Vonnegut Jr., as a “transvestite hermaphrodite representing absolutely nothing. These lines indicate that Kurt Vonnegut maligned the semicolon as a transvestite hermaphrodite representing absolutely nothing, which concluded that he says that the semicolon has no real purpose. Thus, the answer is A.
32 Answer: E
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 5
Answer explanation: The 5th line of paragraph F states that Charles Gaulke concurs, noting that his opposition to “prescriptivism” does not require contending with the existence of standards themselves, but questioning whether our standards should determine what works, or whether what works should determine our standards. These lines illustrate the sayings by Charles, who said that we can ask whether the rules are helpful without undermining the need for rules. Thus the answer is E.
33 Answer: Militant Linguist
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 3
Answer explanation: The 3rd line of paragraph A states that the author of this book, journalist Lynne Truss, is something akin to a militant linguist, dedicating this “zero tolerance” manifesto on grammar to the striking Bolshevik printers of St. Petersburg. These lines indicate that Journalist Lynne Truss was similar to militant linguist who dedicated the zero tolerance manifesto of grammar to the bolshevik printers. Thus, the answer is militant linguist.
34 Answer: First Russian Revolution
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 3
Answer explanation: Paragraph A, Line 3 illustrates that the author of this book, journalist Lynne Truss, is something akin to a militant linguist, dedicating this “zero tolerance” manifesto on grammar to the striking Bolshevik printers of St. Petersburg who, in demanding the same remuneration for punctuation as they received for letters, ended up setting in motion the first Russian Revolution. We can deduce from these lines that journalist lynne truss is similar to militant linguist who dedicated the book to the Bolshevik printers of St. Petersburg, who started the first Russian revolution. Thus, the answer is First Russian Revolution.
35 Answer: Postmodern caricature
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 5
Answer explanation: The 5th line of paragraph B states that the shameless title of a Hollywood film Two Weeks Notice is reeled in for criticism – “Would they similarly call it One Weeks Notice?’’, Truss enquires – and sometimes, as in the case of signs promoting “ANTIQUE’S” and “Potatoe’s” – one questions whether we are bearing witness to new depths of grammar ignorance, or a postmodern caricature of atrocious punctuation. We understand that the title of a Hollywood film is criticized because of incorrect punctuation. Some examples in the book are grammatically incorrect that they’re actually a postmodern caricature.
36 Answer: Formal
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph C illustrates what Truss said that is quoted as, “If you have ever wondered whether it is acceptable to simply use an “em dash” in place of a comma – the verdict from Truss is that you can. “The dash is less formal than the semicolon, which makes it more attractive,” she suggests. We can understand that Truss suggests using em dash rather than using a comma, as it is not as formal as the semicolon. Thus, the answer is formal.
37 Answer: Personal Champion
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6
Answer explanation: The 6th line of paragraph C reveals that Truss is a personal champion of the semicolon, a historically contentious punctuation mark elsewhere maligned by novelist Kurt Vonnegut Jr., as a “transvestite hermaphrodite representing absolutely nothing”. These lines indicate that a truss is a personal champion of the semicolon, a historically contentious punctuation mark, which is maligned by novelist Kurt as transvestite hermaphrodite representing nothing. Thus, the answer is personal champion.
38 Answer: B
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph G
Answer explanation: The initial lines of paragraph G illustrates that Ultimately, it is unlikely the purists and pedagogues will ever make absolute peace with those who see language as a fluid, creative process within which everyone has a role to play. Both sides can learn to live in a sort of contentious harmony. These lines suggest that the purists and teachers will ever make peace with people who view language as a fluid creative process within which everyone has a role to play. These lines make it clear that in order to effectively guide the flow of a language, a centralized point of control is necessary. Thus, the answer is B.
39 Answer: F
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph G, line 4
Answer explanation: The 4th line of paragraph G illustrates that the rules must exist in order for this process to take place, if only for them to be broken. On the flip side, rules have an important role to play in guiding our language into forms that can be accessed by people across all manner of differences, so it is vital to acknowledge the extent to which they can be democratic, rather than merely autocratic in function. We can deduce from these lines that there should be some rules in order for the process to take place. They play an important role which can be accessed by people across all manner of differences, which makes it essential to acknowledge the extent to which they can be democratic, rather than merely autocratic in function. Thus, the author concluded that rules help everyone use language and do not merely prescribe usage. So, the answer is F.
40 Answer: D
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph G, line 8
Answer explanation: The 8th line of paragraph G states that nevertheless, all the regulations in the world cannot stem the natural spring of language, which bursts through rivets and snakes around the dams that linguistic authorities may try to put in place. We should celebrate rather than curse these inevitable tensions. These lines suggest that the regulations cannot stem the natural spring of language. So, it’s important to celebrate language rules rather than curse these inevitable tensions. Here, the author concludes by saying that disputes over the matter of language rules need not be condemned. So, the answer is D.
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