Mount Everest And Hillary, Sleep, Constellation Reading Answers

13 Answer: True 

Question type: True/False/Not Given 

Answer locations: Paragraph A, line 2 

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph A illustrates that one earlier misconception that has now been revised is that the body completely slows down during sleep. These lines reveal that the body completely slows down during sleep. Thus, the statement agrees with the information, so, the answer is True. 

14 Answer: Not Given 

Question type: True/False/Not Given 

Answer locations: Paragraph C, line 2 & 6

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph C states that babies need 16 hours compared to 9 hours and 8 hours for teenagers and adults. Whereas the 6th line reveals that older people are more likely to have medical conditions that affect their sleep. These lines suggest that teenagers require 9 hours and 8 hours and that older people sleep less with a medical condition, but there’s no reference to the statement that teenagers lose less sleep than adults with medical conditions. Thus, the answer is Not Given. 

15 Answer: False 

Question type: True/False/Not Given 

Answer locations: Paragraph D, line 3

Answer explanations: We find reference in 3rd line of Paragraph D, which states that as the night progresses, you spend more time in lighter dream sleep. These lines reveal that people spend more time in lighter dream sleep when the night progresses. Thus, the statement contradicts the information, so, the answer is False. 

16 Answer: False 

Question type: True/False/Not Given 

Answer locations: Paragraph C, line 5

Answer explanations: We understand from the fifth line of paragraph C that older people have medical conditions that affect their sleep, such as insomnia, sleep apnoea, and heart problems. These lines suggest that medical conditions can affect sleep, not the other way round. Thus, the statement disagrees with the information, so, the answer is False. 

17 Answer: Stress 

Question type: Sentence Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph F 

Answer explanations: Paragraph F discusses the REM Sleep, which is important for the brain. It is when it is most active, processing emotions, and memories and relieving stress. These lines suggest that REM sleep is important for the brain, which also helps relieve stress. Thus, the answer is Stress. 

18 Answer: Brain waves 

Question type: Sentence Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph F, line 3

Answer explanations: We understand from the 3rd line of paragraph F that the brain waves measured during REM sleep are similar to those measured when awake. These lines indicate that during REM Sleep, brain waves are similar to those measured when awake. So, the answer is Brain waves. 

19 Answer: (easily) woken

Question type: Sentence Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 5

Answer explanations: Paragraph G explains about the NREM sleep, which is stated as dreamless sleep. We understand from the fifth line of paragraph G, that the stage 1 of the NREM period lasts between 5 – 10 minutes, during which time, a person can be woken easily. These lines reveal that during the NREM sleep, a person can be easily woken with little effort. So, the answer is (easily) woken. 

20 Answer: Disorientation 

Question type: Sentence Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 11

Answer explanations: The 11th line of paragraph G states that people have woken up quickly from stage 4 often feel a sense of disorientation, which is why it is helpful to use an alarm clock with an ascending ring. These lines illustrate that being woken up suddenly from deep sleep can cause disorientation. So, the answer is Disorientation. 

21 Answer: B/C

Question type: Multiple Choice Questions 

Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 2

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph E illustrates that REM sleep is when you dream. Thus, the answer is B. 

22 Answer: B/C

Question type: Multiple Choice Questions 

Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 5

Answer explanations: We find reference in the 5th line of paragraph E, which states that though the major muscles generally don’t move fingers and toes may twitch and body temperature changes and you may sweat or shiver. Here, extremities means the muscles. So, the REM Sleep may cause your extremities to move on their own accord. So, the answer is C. 

23 Answer: C 

Question type: Matching Information 

Answer locations: Paragraph C, line 2

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph C states that babies need 16 hours compared to 9 hours and 8 hours for teenagers and adults, which doesn’t mean that older people need less sleep. Thus, these lines indicate that Paragraph C states the difference in sleep patterns between generations. So, the answer is C. 

24 Answer: G

Question type: Matching Information 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 9

Answer explanations: We understand from the 9th line of paragraph G that blood flow is redirected from the brain to large muscles allowing them to mend any damage from day to work. These lines suggest that brain activity is limited as resources are diverted to the large muscles. Thus, the answer is G. 

25 Answer: H

Question type: Matching Information 

Answer locations: Paragraph H

Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph H states that about an hour and a half into the sleep cycle, a person will go from deep stage 4 sleep back into light. Stage 2 sleep, then into REM sleep, before the cycle begins again. These lines depict the repetition of the cycle. Thus, the answer is H. 

26 Answer: H

Question type: Matching Information 

Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 4

Answer explanations: The 4th line of paragraph H illustrates that when you constantly get less sleep (even 1 hour less) than you need each night, it is called sleep debt. You may pay for it in daytime, drowsiness, trouble concentrating, moodiness, lower productivity, and increased risk of falls and accidents. These lines suggest the dangers of accumulated lack of sleep. Thus, the answer is H.

27 Answer: E

Question type: Matching Information 

Answer locations: Paragraph E, line 2

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph E states that a person usually has 3 to 5 periods of REM sleep each night, lasting from 5 minutes to over an hour, during which time their body’s activities increase. These lines indicate that with 3 to 5 periods of REM sleep lasts from 5mins to an hour, when the body’s activities increase. Thus, the answer is E. 

Reading Passage 3

28 Answer: x 

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph A, line 2

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph A states that constellation boundaries and definitions as used today in the western culture, and as defined by the international astronomical union (IAU) were formalised in 1930 by Eugene Delporte. These lines indicate that Constellation boundaries were formalised in 1930 by IAU. Thus, the appropriate heading for Paragraph A is X. Formal marking of constellations. 

29 Answer: v

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph B 

Answer explanations: Paragraph B discusses the twelve constellations through which the sun passes. The 3rd line illustrates the cultural differences in interpretation and definition of star constellations mainly relate to the zodiac interpretations. Further, Paragraph B explains about the star groupings. Thus, the suitable heading is V. Different interpretations of star groupings. 

30 Answer: xii

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph C

Answer explanations: We understand from the introductory line of paragraph C that in the western astronomy, all modern constellation names derive from Latin, some stars within constellations are named using the genitive from the Latin word by using the usual rules of Latin grammar. These lines indicate that the names were derived with reference to Latin (historical) and the influence of IAU (modern). So, the heading for Paragraph C is XII. Historical and modern reference. 

31 Answer: vi 

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph D 

Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph D illustrates that some star patterns that are often wrongly considered constellations by laymen are actually asterisms, a group of stars that appear to form patterns in the sky and are not one of the 88 officially divided areas truly defined as a constellation. These lines suggest that asterisms were commonly confused for constellations. Thus, the correct heading for Paragraph D is VI. Common misconception. 

32 Answer: i

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph E

Answer explanations: Paragraph E depicts that to identify the position of the stars relative to the Earth, there are a number of different celestial coordinate systems that cart provide a detailed reference point in space. There are many different systems all of which are largely similar with the exception of a difference in the position of the fundamental plane. These lines elucidate the different celestial systems for identifying and locating. Thus, the appropriate heading for Paragraph E is I. Different methods of locating and identifying. 

33 Answer: ii

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph F 

Answer explanations:We understand from Paragraph F that the launch of the Hubble space telescope in April 1990 changed the way that astronomers saw the universe, providing detailed digital images of constellations, planets, and gas clouds that had never been seen before. These lines reveal that the introduction of the Hubble space telescope provided a digital image of constellations, planets, and gas clouds. Thus, the suitable answer is II. A better view of the constellations. 

34 Answer: vii

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph G 

Answer explanations: Paragraph G illustrates the telescope’s location above the Earth’s atmosphere, which has a number of significant advantages over land based telescopes. The atmosphere bends light due to a phenomenon known as diffraction. The Hubble space telescopes can observe Infrared light that would otherwise be blocked by the atmosphere as the wavelength of ultraviolet light is shorter than that of visible light. These lines indicate that Paragraph G discusses the problems (limitations) of telescopes on land (terrestrial). Thus, the appropriate heading is VII. Bypassing terrestrial lands. 

35 Answer: viii

Question type: Matching Headings 

Answer locations: Paragraph H, line 2

Answer explanations:  We understand from the 2nd line of paragraph G states that the telescope has reignited interest in space amongst the general public. It is evident the Hubble telescope reignited interest of the public in space/stars. Thus, the appropriate heading is VIII. Renewed interest in the stars. 

36 Answer: (reflective) mirror

Question type: Summary Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph H

Answer explanations: The introductory line of paragraph H illustrates that despite the early setbacks, one of the reflective mirrors had to be replaced after finding that it had been ground incorrectly and did not produce the expected images. Here, early setbacks refer to initial flaws. Thus, the answer is (reflective) mirrors. 

37 Answer: Infrared light 

Question type: Summary Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 4

Answer explanations: The fourth line of paragraph G states that the Hubble Space Telescope can also observe Infrared light that would otherwise be blocked by the atmosphere as the wavelength of ultraviolet light is shorter than that of the visible light. These lines suggest that the Hubble telescope is superior to other telescopes on land as it can observe Infrared lights which would otherwise be blocked. Thus, the answer is Infrared light. 

38 Answer: Medium-sized

Question type: Summary Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph F, line 4

Answer explanations: The 4th line in Paragraph F states that the Hubble telescope is considered as a medium-sized telescope on ground. Thus, it’s evident that the Hubble telescope is classified as a medium-sized telescope. So, the answer is medium-sized. 

39 Answer: Diffraction 

Question type: Summary Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 2

Answer explanations: We understand from the 2nd line of paragraph G that the atmosphere bends light due to a phenomenon known as diffraction, which causes starlight to appear to twinkle and leads to the often blurred images seen through ground based telescopes. These lines suggest that the telescope has the advantage of not being affected by diffraction. Thus, the answer is Diffraction. 

40 Answer: Blurred 

Question type: Summary Completion 

Answer locations: Paragraph G, line 2

Answer explanations: The 2nd line of paragraph G states that the atmosphere bends light due to a phenomenon known as diffraction, which causes starlight to appear to twinkle and leads to the often blurred images seen through ground based telescopes. These lines indicate that the ground based Hubble telescope has the advantage of not being affected by diffraction, which leads to blurred images and starlight to twinkle. Thus, the answer is blurred.