A New Ice Age - IELTS Reading Answers with Explanations

One of the biggest challenges in the reading module of IELTS is recognizing how ideas in the passage are reworded in the questions. Practicing one passage like ‘A New Ice Age IELTS Reading Answers’ at a time allows you to closely compare questions with the text and understand common paraphrasing patterns. This focused exposure helps you avoid traps and improve accuracy across all question types.

Solve a practice passage titled 'A New Ice Age: IELTS Reading Answers', followed by IELTS Reading questions, answer explanations, and detailed tips focused on this task.

Passage for A New Ice Age Reading Answers

Practicing with IELTS Academic Reading samples, such as ‘A New Ice Age’ IELTS Reading Answers, helps you become familiar with the question styles and the expected level of difficulty. Read the passage below to answer the questions that follow.

A New Ice Age

William Curry is a serious, sober climate scientist, not an art critic. But he has spent a lot of time perusing Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze’s famous painting “George Washington Crossing the Delaware”, which depicts a boatload of colonial Ameri­can soldiers making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the day after Christmas in 1776. “Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing, but they are actually pushing the ice away,” says Curry, tapping his finger on a reproduction of the painting. Sure enough, the lead oarsman is bashing the frozen river with his boot. “I grew up in Philadelphia. The place in this painting is 30 min­utes away by car. I can tell you, this kind of thing just doesn’t happen anymore.”

But it may again soon. And ice-choked scenes, similar to those immortalised by the 16th-century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder, may also return to Europe. His works, including the 1565 masterpiece “Hunters in the Snow”, make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland. Such frigid set­tings were commonplace during a period dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 be­cause much of North America and Europe was in the throes of a little ice age. And now there is mounting evidence that the chill could return. A growing number of scientists believe conditions are ripe for another prolonged cooldown, or small ice age. While no one is predicting a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12,000 years ago, the next cooling trend could drop average temperatures 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast, northern Europe, and northern Asia.

“It could happen in 10 years,” says Terrence Joyce, who chairs the Woods Hole Physical Oceanography Department. “Once it does, it can take hundreds of years to reverse.” And he is alarmed that Americans have yet to take the threat seriously.

A drop of 5 to 10 degrees entails much more than simply bumping up the thermo­stat and carrying on. Both economically and ecologically, such quick, persistent chilling could have devastating consequences. A 2002 report titled “Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises”, produced by the National Academy of Sciences, pegged the cost from agricultural losses alone at $100 billion to $250 billion while also predicting that damage to ecologies could be vast and incalculable. A grim sampler: disappearing forests, increased housing expenses, dwindling fresh water, lower crop yields, and accelerated species extinctions.

The reason for such huge effects is simple. A quick climate change wreaks far more disruption than a slow one. People, animals, plants, and the economies that depend on them are like rivers; says the report: "For example, high water in a river will pose few problems until the water runs over the bank, after which levees can be breached and massive flooding can occur. Many biological processes undergo shifts at particular thresholds of temperature and precipitation.”

Political changes since the last ice age could make survival far more difficult for the world's poor. During previous cooling periods, whole tribes simply picked up and moved south, but that option doesn't work in the modern, tense world of closed borders. "To the extent that abrupt climate change may cause rapid and ex­tensive changes of fortune for those who live off the land, the inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety nets for distressed people,” says the report.

But first things first. Isn't the earth actually warming? Indeed it is, says Joyce. ‘ In his cluttered office, full of soft light from the foggy Cape Cod morning, he explains how such warming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age. The paradox is a result of the appearance over the past 30 years in the North Atlantic of huge rivers of fresh water - the equivalent of a 10-foot-thick layer - mixed into the salty sea. No one is certain where the fresh torrents are coming from, but a prime suspect is melting Arctic ice, caused by a build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.

The freshwater trend is major news in ocean-science circles. Bob Dickson, a Brit­ish oceanographer who sounded an alarm at a February conference in Honolulu, has termed the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea - a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlantic - "arguably the largest full-depth changes observed in the modern instrumental oceanographic record”.

The trend could cause a little ice age by subverting the northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters. Normally, the Gulf Stream, laden with heat soaked up in the tropics, meanders up the east coasts of the United States and Canada. As it flows northward, the stream surrenders heat to the air. Because the prevailing North Atlantic winds blow eastward, a lot of the heat wafts to Europe. That’s why many scientists believe winter temperatures on the Continent are as much as 36 de­grees Fahrenheit warmer than those in North America at the same latitude. Frigid Boston, for example, lies at almost precisely the same latitude as balmy Rome. And some scientists say the heat also warms Americans and Canadians. “It’s a real mistake to think of this solely as a European phenomenon," says Joyce.

Having given up its heat to the air, the now-cooler water becomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a process oceanographers call thermohaline circulation. This massive column of cascading cold is the main engine powering a deep-water current called the Great Ocean Conveyor that snakes through all the world’s oceans. But as the North Atlantic fills with fresh water, it grows less dense, making the waters carried northward by the Gulf Stream less able to sink. The new mass of relatively fresh water sits on top of the ocean like a big thermal blanket, threatening the thermohaline circulation. That in turn could make the Gulf Stream slow or veer southward. At some point, the whole system could simply shut down, and do so quickly. “There is increasing evidence that we are getting closer to a transition point, from which we can jump to a new state.”

Questions for A New Ice Age Reading Answers

The Academic passage, A New Ice Age Reading Answers, consists of 13 questions. It presents three different IELTS Reading question types. So, solving this passage will help you get acquainted with different IELTS Reading question types with examples. 

The three question types in this reading passage include:

• IELTS Reading Multiple Choice Questions (Q. 1-4)
• IELTS Reading Matching Features (Q. 5-9)
• IELTS Reading Flowchart Completion (Q. 10-13)

Questions 1-4

1 The writer uses paintings in the first paragraph to illustrate

A possible future climate change.

B climate change of the last two centuries.

C the river doesn’t freeze in winter anymore.

D how George Washington led his troops across the river.

2 Which of the following do scientists believe to be possible?

A The temperature may drop over much of the Northern Hemisphere.

B It will be colder than 12,000 years ago.

C The entire Northern Hemisphere will be covered in ice.

D Europe will look more like Lapland.

3 Why is it difficult for the poor to survive the next ice age?

A People don’t live in tribes anymore.

B Politics are changing too fast today.

C Abrupt climate change causes people to live off their land.

D Migration has become impossible because of closed borders.

4 Why is continental Europe much warmer than North America in winter?

A Wind blows most of the heat of tropical currents to Europe.

B Europe and North America are at different latitudes.

C The Gulf Stream has stopped yielding heat to the air.

D The Gulf Stream moves north along the east coast of North America.

Questions 5-9

5 Most Americans are not prepared for the next ice age.

6 The result of abrupt climate change is catastrophic.

7 The world is not as cold as it used to be.

8 Global warming is closely connected to the ice age.

9 Alerted people to the change of ocean water in a conference

List of People

A William Curry

B Terrence Joyce

C Bob Dickson

D National Academy of Sciences

Questions 10-13

10 ………….

11 …………

12 …………

13 …………

Answers for A New Ice Age IELTS Reading Passage with Location and Explanation

Explore the detailed explanations for the ‘A New Ice Age' reading passage questions mentioned above to understand how to solve them and enhance your reading skills for achieving a top IELTS band score.

Tips for Answering the Question Types in A New Ice Age Reading Answers

Now let’s go through the IELTS exam preparation tips for band score of 8+ for each question type in A New Ice Age Reading Answers. It will help you understand how to approach the problem of each question type.

Multiple Choice Questions

• Read the question stem before the options: Always read the question sentence first to understand what the writer is doing (illustrating, explaining, arguing, or concluding). This stops you from being distracted by options that contain familiar but irrelevant details.
• Identify the focus words and underline them: Underline key elements such as ‘uses paintings’, ‘scientists believe’, ‘difficult for the poor’, or ‘much warmer.’ These words tell you exactly what to look for in the passage and which sentence function matters most.
• Predict the answer type before reading the options: Ask yourself what kind of answer makes sense: a cause, example, belief, or explanation. Prediction reduces confusion when several options contain similar vocabulary.
• Scan for the relevant paragraph, then read slowly: Multiple-choice answers almost always come from one specific paragraph. Once you locate it, read carefully and do not skim; wrong answers are often based on partial truths.
• Eliminate wrong options systematically: Cross out options that contradict the passage, are too extreme, or add information not stated. IELTS correct answers must be fully supported, not merely plausible.
• Check that your chosen option answers the exact question: Confirm that the option explains why or what the question asks, not something related but different. Many traps answer a different question than the one asked.

Matching Features

• Read all statements first and underline opinions or claims: Statements usually express beliefs, judgments, discoveries, or warnings. Underlining phrases like ‘not prepared’, ‘catastrophic’, or ‘alerted people’ helps you track viewpoints.
• Identify whether each statement is a fact, opinion, or warning: This distinction is crucial because institutions (e.g., academies) often issue reports, while scientists express interpretations or research findings. Matching the type of statement prevents misattribution.
• Scan the passage for names, then read nearby sentences: When you see a name, read one or two sentences before and after it. IELTS passages often paraphrase the statement immediately around the person’s name.
• Match meaning, not keywords: Do not match a name just because the same word appears. Instead, confirm that the idea expressed by the person directly matches the statement’s meaning.
• Recheck repeated-use letters carefully: Since letters can be used more than once, treat each statement independently. Never assume a person cannot be the answer again.

Flowchart Completion

• Read the flow chart from start to finish: Understand the cause-and-effect sequence before looking for answers. Flowcharts test logical order, not isolated facts.
• Predict the grammatical form of each blank: Look at arrows and surrounding words to decide whether the answer is a noun, noun phrase, or process. This immediately filters out incorrect choices while scanning.
• Locate the paragraph describing a process: Flowchart answers usually come from one concentrated paragraph explaining a mechanism. Scan for technical or sequential language such as ‘as a result’, ‘leads to’, or ‘causes’.
• Follow the sequence in the passage, not line numbers: Answers appear in the same order as the text, but not necessarily in consecutive lines. Read carefully to avoid skipping steps in the process.
• Copy words exactly and check the word limit: Only use words from the passage, and ensure the answer does not exceed three words. Spelling and accuracy are essential; no paraphrasing is allowed.

To conclude, we have explored A New Ice Age Reading Answers with location and various IELTS Reading tips and techniques to increase your reading speed to help you confidently tackle those challenging questions. It’s important to continue practicing with various IELTS Reading tests. If you need assistance while working through these passages, consider chatting with an IELTS expert or attending our free online webinars. These resources can help you strengthen your weak areas for the IELTS reading exam.

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