Caves Reading Answers

Caves is a real IELTS Reading test passage from past papers.

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With diligent practice, the Reading Module can be the top-scoring category for IELTS Aspirants. To score well, you must understand how to approach and answer the different question types in the Reading Module.

By solving and reviewing Sample Reading Questions from past IELTS papers, you can ensure that your Reading skills are up to the mark.

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The question types found in this passage are:

Summary Completion

In Summary Completion questions, you will be provided with a summary of information from a text, and there will be a few gaps. You will either get a list of words to be filled in the gaps or you could be asked to find answers from the reading passage. You will have to insert a few words from the text into the gaps. All of the information in the summary will also be available in the reading text. However, they will be using paraphrasing and synonyms. Thus, you cannot expect to find the exact words.

Flow Chart Questions

A Flow chart question is a form of a question with a series of steps (in sequential order) and is widely used to represent the flow of algorithms, workflow, or processes. Typically, a flowchart shows the order by connecting the sentences with arrows. A flowchart question is where you need to complete the sentences with blank spaces. The Flowchart contains statements or short sentences with upward or downward directing arrows between the texts. The flow chart can be in horizontal or vertical directions.

Multiple Choice Questions

In Multiple Choice Questions, you have about 3-4 options from which we have to choose our answer. This might be in the form of a question & answer type or a choose a correct ending to a sentence type. These answers appear in chronological order according to the passage.

True/False/Not Given Questions

True/False/Not Given Questions are very tricky. This question consists of several statements – If the statement is present in the article as it is then you need to mark it as true. If the statement is found to be the opposite of the sentence which is there then it should be marked as false. If the statement given in the question is not at all present in the article then it should be marked as not given. Do not spend a lot of time finding the sentence which is not there.

Read the passage below and answer questions 1 – 13. Beyond the questions, you will find the answers along with the location of the answers in the passage and the keywords that help you find out the answers.

Caves

Answers

1 Answer: Types

Question Type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph A, line 1

Answer explanation: We can locate the answer in Paragraph A, where the writer mentions that caves are natural underground spaces, commonly those into which man can enter. There are three major types. From the question, we know that there are several types of caves, with the most common and largest being located in limestone or marble. Thus, the answer is types. 

2 Answer: Tunnels

Question Type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph A, line 3

Answer explanation: The answer can be found in paragraph A, where the writer talks about the three major types, in which it is mentioned that a few caves are formed in lava flows, where the solidified outer crust is left after the molten core has drained away to form rough tunnels like those on the small basalt volcanoes. We understand that molten core drains away, forming rough tunnels. Thus, the answer is tunnels. 

3 Answer: Areas

Question Type: Summary Completion

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 3

Answer explanation: We can trace the answer in Paragraph B, where it is mentioned that the most notable limestone areas for caves are the many hundreds of square kilometres of Te Kuiti Group (Oligocene) rocks from Port Waikato south to Mokau and from the coast inland to the Waipa Valley – especially in the Waitomo district. Thus, we understand that the main limestone areas for caves are the Te kuiti group rocks. Here, “notable” means main. So, the answer is areas. 

4 Answer: Cracks

Question Type: Flow Chart Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 3

Answer explanation: We can locate the answer in Paragraph C, where it is described that pure limestone is brittle, and folding due to earth movements causes cracks along the partings and joints at angles to them. So, we can understand that limestone forms thick layers, and when it folds during earth movements, it creates cracks at the partings. Here, “movement” means moving and “cause” means creating. Thus, the answer is cracks.

5 Answer: fractures

Question Type: Flow Chart Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4

Answer explanation: We can track the answer in Paragraph C, where the writer states that rainwater percolates down through the soil and the fractures in the underlying rocks to the water table, below which all cavities and pores are filled with water. We can understand that the rainwater goes gradually down the soil and fractures in the underlying rocks to the water table. Here, percolate/ trickling means filter gradually through a porous surface or substance. So, the answer is fractures.

6 Answer: passage

Question Type: Flow Chart Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 5

Answer explanation: The answer can be located in Paragraph C, where the writer mentions that this usually acidic water dissolves the limestone along the joints. Once a passage is opened, it is enlarged by the abrasive action of sand and pebbles carried by streams. We understand that the acidic water dissolves limestones along joints and once the passage is opened, it is enlarged by the action of sand and pebbles carried by the streams. Thus, the answer is passage.

7 Answer: streams

Question Type: Flow Chart Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 5

Answer explanation: We can find the answer in Paragraph C, where it is mentioned that acidic water dissolves the limestone along the joints and, once a passage is opened, it is enlarged by the abrasive action of sand and pebbles carried by streams. So, we understand that when the acidic water dissolves limestone along the joints, the passage is opened and extended by sand/ pebbles taken along by streams. So, here, “carried by” means taken along. So, the answer is streams.

8 Answer: erosion

Question Type: Flow Chart Completion

Answer location: Paragraph C, last line

Answer explanation: We can find references to the answer in Paragraph C, where it is mentioned that Erosion may continue to cut down into the floor, or silt and pebbles may build up floors and divert stream courses. We understand that Erosion or silt and pebbles may build up floors and divert the stream courses. Here, “diverts” means “changes”. So, the answer is Erosion.

9 Answer: A

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1

Answer explanation: We can find references to the answer in Paragraph C, where the writer describes that sedimentary rocks (including limestone) are usually laid down in almost horizontal layers or beds which may be of any thickness, but most commonly of 5-7.5 cm. We understand that limestone rocks are laid down in horizontal layers with a 5-7.5 cm length. Here, the measurement, 5-7.5 cm, means the length of the caves in softer limestone. Thus, the answer is A. They are often long.

10 Answer: E

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1

Answer explanation: We can locate the answer in Paragraph C, where it is narrated that Sedimentary rocks (including limestone) are usually laid down in almost horizontal layers or beds which may be of any thickness, but most commonly of 5-7.5 cm. We understand that these limestone rocks are laid in horizontal layers, which means they’re characteristically horizontal. So, the answer is E. They’re characteristically horizontal.

11 Answer: TRUE

Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 1

Answer explanation: We can locate the answer in Paragraph B, where the writer states that limestone of all ages, ranging from geologically recent times to more than 450 million years ago, is found in many parts of New Zealand, although it is not all cavernous. We understand that limestone of all ages is found in New Zealand including those which are 450 million years old. So, the answer is TRUE.

12 Answer: TRUE

Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 2

Answer explanation: We can find references to the answer in Paragraph E, where it is mentioned that Stalactites (Gk. stalaktos, dripping) are pendent growths of crystalline calcium carbonate (calcite) formed from solution by the deposition of minute quantities of calcite from percolating groundwater. They are usually white to yellow but occasionally are brown or red. We understand that stalactites are usually white to yellow rather than brown or red. Here, usually means more often and occasionally means sometimes. So, the answer is TRUE.

13 Answer: FALSE

Question Type: True/False/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, lines 2 and 7

Answer explanation: The answer can be located in Paragraph E, where it is mentioned that Stalagmites (Gk. stalagmites, that which dripped) are conical or gnarled floor growths formed by splashing if the water drips faster than it evaporates. These may grow toward the ceiling to form columns of massive proportions. Here, we understand that stalagmites are conical or gnarled floor growth which grows towards the ceiling to form columns of massive proportion. Thus, the answer is FALSE.

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