The Development of Travel under the Ocean, Vitamins, The Birth of Suburbia – Reading Answers

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph B, last line

Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “countries without such fortification, or for women on low-carbohydrate diets, a parental multivitamin could make the crucial difference. The United States Department of Health and Human Services has concluded that the elderly may also benefit from extra vitamin D; calcium can help prevent bone fractures, and zinc and antioxidants can maintain vision while deflecting macular degeneration in people who would otherwise be likely to develop this affliction.”  From this information, we can comprehend that multivitamins are crucial for parents (pregnant women). The elderly (old) are also going to benefit from vitamins and anyone who is likely to develop affliction (eye problem) is going to benefit from it. Hence, vitamins are not recommended for young children.

15. Answer: A

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4

Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that “fracture, and vitamin E, thought to improve cardiovascular health, was contraindicated in a study that demonstrated higher rates of congestive heart failure among such vitamin users.” Since vitamin E demonstrates a higher rate of congestive heart failure we can comprehend that vitamin E leads to heart problems.

16. Answer: D

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph C, 3rd last line

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, the author in the given paragraph mentions that “powerful signal to the body’s immune system to fix the damage. By taking supplements, we risk undermining that message and upsetting the balance of antioxidants and free radicals in the body. The supplements counteract the free radicals, the immune system is not placed on alert, and the disease could sneak through the gates.” The given information states that supplements counteract (means act against – prevents) the immune system from responding to free radicals.

17. Answer: YES

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 1

Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that,” one problem with supplementation by the tablet is the poor record on digestibility. These tablets are often stocked with metal-based minerals that are essentially miniature rocks, and our bodies are unable to digest them. Even the vitamin elements of these pills that are theoretically digestible are often unable to be effectively extracted by our bodies when they arrive in such a condensed form.” The term poor record on digestibility suggests that multivitamin tablets have indigestible ingredients.

18. Answer: NOT GIVEN

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, the author in the given paragraph mentions that ” According to the physician’s desk reference, only about 10%- 20% of multivitamins are absorbed by the body.” The given information confirms that only 10 to 20% of multivitamins are absorbed by the body. However, it is not mentioned that some individual vitamins are better absorbed than others in tablet form.

19. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2

Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that  “often stocked with metal-based minerals that are essentially miniature rocks, and our bodies are unable to digest them. Even the vitamin elements of these pills that are theoretically digestible are often unable to be effectively extracted by our bodies when they arrive in such a condensed form.” Also, the last line of paragraph E mentions that “Boosting, supplementing, and fortifying products alter people’s very perception of what healthy food is; instead of heading for the fresh produce aisle in the supermarket, they are likely to seek out sugary, processed foods with a handful of extra B vitamins as a healthy choice. We cannot supplement our way out of a bad diet.” Since it is given that our bodies are often unable to effectively extract vital elements from vitamin pills, it implies that our bodies can distinguish food-based from supplement-based vitamins.

20. Answer: YES

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1

Answer explanation: Paragraph E puts forward the information that “a final argument against multivitamins is the notion that they can lead people – consciously or not-to the conclusion that supplementation fills in the gaps of an unhealthy diet.” If multivitamins are consciously causing unhealthy diet patterns, it can lead to poorer overall eating habits in a person’s life.

21. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 5

Answer explanation: In the reference paragraph, the author mentions ” Boosting, supplementing, and fortifying products alter people’s very perception of what healthy food is; instead of heading for the fresh produce aisle in the supermarket, they are likely to seek out sugary, processed foods with a handful of extra B vitamins as a healthy choice.” Fortifying products alter (change) people’s very perception of what healthy food is. Hence, people are not typically aware that fortified processed foods are not good for them.

22. Answer: A

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph B, last line

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line in the said paragraph that describes “The United States Department of Health and Human Services has concluded that the elderly may also benefit from extra vitamin D, calcium can help prevent bone fractures, and zinc and antioxidants can maintain vision while deflecting macular degeneration in people who would otherwise be likely to develop this affliction.”  The United States Department of Health and Human Services lists down the positive impact supplements have on people.

23. Answer: B

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1

Answer explanation: A line in the paragraph denotes that “there is mounting evidence, however, for many people to steer clear of multivitamins. The National Institutes of Health has noted “disturbing evidence of risk” in tobacco users: beta-carotene, a common ingredient in multivitamins, was found over a six-year study to significantly contribute to higher lung cancer and mortality rates in smokers. ” The National Institutes of Health discusses the negative influence of supplements such as it can lead to higher lung cancer and mortality rates in smokers.

24. Answer: C

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph C, line 4

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line in the said paragraph that describes “Antioxidant supplementation has no purpose nor does it achieve anything, according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, and the Medical Letter Group has gone further.” The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that antioxidant supplementation has no purpose nor does it achieve anything, which suggests that according to them supplements do not have any effect.

25. Answer: A

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 5

Answer explanation: You can note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it states that  “- 20% of multivitamins are absorbed by the body. The National Advisory Board is even more damning, suggesting that every looming of tablet corresponds to about 8.3mg of blood concentration, although noting that this can still potentially perform a helpful role in some cases.” The National Advisory Board points out the positive effects of supplements by saying that they perform a helpful role in some cases.

26. Answer: C

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 3

Answer explanation: A line in the said paragraph infers that “however, the Heart Protection study did not find any positive outcome whatsoever from multivitamins and concluded that while vitamins in the diet are important, multivitamin tablets are safe but completely useless. There is evidently no shortcut around the task of buying, preparing.” The Heart Protection Group suggests that multivitamin tablets are safe but completely useless, which means they do not have any effect, neither positive nor negative.

Vocabulary

Antioxidant: A substance, such as a vitamin E, vitamin c, or beta carotene, thought to protect body cells from the damaging effects of oxidation

Cardiovascular: Of, relating to, or involving the heart and the blood vessels

Neuroblastoma: malignant tumour of immature nerve cells, most often affecting the young.

The Birth of Suburbia Reading Answers (Passage 3)

27. Answer: D

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 7

Answer explanation: The author in paragraph D suggests that “comparison of urban and suburban pollution, Edward L. Glaeser concluded that we need to “build more sky towers – especially in California. Virtually everywhere, he found cities to be cleaner than suburbs. And the difference in carbon dioxide emissions between high-density cities and their suburbs (for example, in New York) was the highest. Urban residents of New York can claim on average to produce nearly 15,000 pounds of carbon dioxide less than their suburban peers.” Hence, we can infer that the author in paragraph D discusses the reason to construct taller buildings.

28. Answer: E

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 6

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line in the said paragraph that describes “the public sphere is the area of social life in which people come together to freely discuss and identify social problems. In the city, this has traditionally occurred around newsstands.” Hence, in paragraph E it is mentioned that the cities are the urban areas and newsstands are the places where people gather and discuss.

29. Answer: A

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph A, line 2

Answer explanation: Paragraph A suggests that “from the early 1800s, various types of suburban development have sprung up and evolved in their own localised ways, from the streetcar suburbs of New York to the dormitory towns outside of London. It is William Levitt, however, who is generally regarded as the father of modem suburbia.” William Levitt is regarded (understood) as founder of contemporary suburbs ( father of modem suburbia).

30. Answer: C

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph C, last line

Answer explanation: “The entire sentence has been paraphrased here. In the passage, it states that “teens from wealthy suburban families, for example, are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs than their poorer urban peers, and are also more likely to experience depression and anxiety.” Paragraph C puts forward the examples of problems such as depression and anxiety amongst the wealthier teens that make suburban lifestyle can make worse.

31. Answer: B

Question Type: Matching Information

Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2

Answer explanation: You can note the paraphrasing here. In the passage, it states that “all the original lots sold out in a matter of days, and by 1951, nearly 18,000 homes in the area had been constructed by the Levitt fit Sons Company.” Hence, we can deduce that paragraph B discusses the model for suburban development in the latter half of the 20th century (1951).

32. Answer: YES

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line in the said paragraph that describes“the comparison of leafy, quiet, and low-density suburbs with life in the concrete towers of sooty, congested urban conurbations is actually quite misleading; as it turns out if you want to be kind to the natural environment, the key is to stay away from it.” It’s mentioned that if you want to be kind to the natural environment, the key is to stay away from it. From this, we can infer that to preserve the ecology (kind to the natural environment) humans should stay away from it (avoid human interference).

33. Answer: NOT GIVEN

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph D, 2nd last line

Answer explanation: Few lines in the said paragraph convey that “virtually everywhere, he found cities to be cleaner than suburbs. And the difference in carbon dioxide emissions between high-density cities and their suburbs (for example, in New York) was the highest.” However, there is no reference given that some countries in the suburbs are more environmentally friendly than in the USA.

34. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph D, line 5

Answer explanation: Paragraph D puts forward the information that “secondly, they encourage the use of personal motor vehicles, often at a rate of one per family member, at the expense of public transport. It is also much less efficient to provide electricity.” We can conclude that suburban development only encourages the use of personal motor vehicles, not both.

35. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1

Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims “another negative aspect of suburban life is its stifling conformity and monotony of social experience. It was not just the nuts and bolts and the concrete foundations of suburban houses that got replicated street upon street, block upon block, and suburb upon suburb; it was everything from the shops and cultural life to people’s hopes, dreams, and aspirations.”  From the given information we can comprehend that in suburban life social experience i.,e., shopping malls to cultural life was monotonous meaning tiringly same. Hence, the given statement contradicts the information given in the passage.

36. Answer: YES

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 3

Answer explanation: A line in the passage mentions that “suburbia gave birth to the “strip mall”, a retail establishment that is typically composed of a collection of national or global chain stores, all stocked with a centrally dictated, homogenous array of products.” The information “stocked with a centrally dictated, homogenous array of products” suggests that there is not much variety amongst the goods at a strip mall.

37. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, line 4

Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can point out that “the isolation and lack of interaction in suburbs have also encouraged the popularity of television, a passively receptive medium for the viewer that, in the early days at least, offered an extremely limited scope of cultural exposure compared with the wealth of experiences available in the inner city.” The given information suggests that television in the early days (not presently) offered an extremely limited scope of cultural exposure as compared to the experience through the inner city.

38. Answer: NO

Question Type: Yes/No/Not Given Questions

Answer location: Paragraph E, last line

Answer explanation: If you observe, in the said paragraph to the fact that “in the city, this has traditionally occurred around newsstands, in coffee houses, salons, theatres, meeting halls, and so on. Suburbia has not found a way to replace this special type of social experience, however. Social meeting points in the suburbs tend to be based exclusively around specific interests such as sports or cultural clubs, with no broad forms of daily social interaction.”  From the given information in the passage we can infer that in Suburbs, suburbians have found out ways to get along (together) with each other by meeting at sports or cultural clubs, etc.

39. Answer: B (B/C in either order)

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph F, line 1

Answer explanation: The opening line of passage mentions that “these points do not suggest the idea of suburbia itself is flawed, but that it has not been executed in a way that takes into account the full spectrum of human needs and desires. This likely reflects the hasty, thrown-together nature of early suburban development.” From this information, we can conclude that the methodology of growth of suburbia has contributed to its imperfections by not taking into consideration the full spectrum of human needs and desires.

40. Answer: C (B/C in either order)

Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions

Answer location: Paragraph F, 2nd last line

Answer explanation: Paragraph F puts forward the information that “should take time to consider what has gone wrong and how we can reconfigure the subdued. now can we imbue suburban life with the lost sphere of public discussion and debate? How can people maintain their sought-after privacy without sacrificing a sense of community? How can we use new technologies to make suburbs environmentally friendly?” Here, the author concludes that by thinking about human and ecological needs, suburbs can become better places to live.