Freebie Marketing IELTS Reading Answers
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The Academic passage ‘Freebie Marketing’ is a reading passage that appeared in an IELTS Test.
It contains some of the IELTS reading question types. If you are interested in familiarising yourself with all the question types, don’t hesitate to take an IELTS reading practice test.
The question types found in this passage are:
Matching Headings
In the Matching Headings type of question, you will be provided with a list of headings and asked to match with the respective paragraph in the passage. Before you start reading the text, make you read the list of headings first. You should read the entire paragraph and not the opening few lines of the text to obtain the right answer. There will be numerous additional headings given as options, that might be related to the text.
Sentence completion
In sentence completion, you’ll be asked to fill in the blanks in the text using the words from the passage It is critical to pay great attention to the instructions provided in the question since certain instructions will include a word limit, and if you do not adhere to it, you may lose marks.
Summary Completion
In summary completion, you will be provided with a summary with incomplete words. This question task type comes in two types: one where you choose words straight from the text and the other where you select words from a list of options. If you choose words from the text, the instructions will specify how many words or figures you should include in your response. When you choose terms from a list, they can be synonyms (words with similar meanings) or antonyms (words with opposing meanings) of the text’s words, or they can be taken directly from the text.
Freebie Marketing
Answers
1 Answer: ix
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 4
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the passage specifies that “Gillette soon came to realise, in a product that was used only a few times. Gillette had his own personal breakthrough while Struggling with a straight-bladed razor – a slow, fiddly, and potentially dangerous instrument that required sharpening on a regular basis. A simple, disposable blade that could be thrown away when it dulled would meet a real need and generate strong profits, he correctly reasoned.” In the 1890s Gillette realized the simple and dangerous product had the potential to generate great sales, hence, we can deduce that this passage discusses the innovation of the product ‘razor’.
2 Answer: viii
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 1
Answer explanation: The opening line of paragraph B infers that “what King C. Gillette pioneered is far more than a convenient and affordable way for men to shave, however, it is the business practice now known as “freebie marketing” that has inspired many more companies over the years.” Gillette’s method of selling razors is considered to have ushered in a new marketing tactic known as freebie marketing. Thus, the most appropriate title for this paragraph is marketing innovation.
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3 Answer: iii
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 1
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “freebie marketing only works If the producer of the master item is also able to maintain control over the creation and distribution of the consumables.” The author suggests that freebie marketing is believed to succeed only when the manufacturer has complete control or monopoly over the development and distribution of his goods. Hence, the most appropriate title for this paragraph is a consumables monopoly is essential for success.
4 Answer: vii
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 4
Answer explanation: A few lines in said paragraph discuss that “users discovered, however, that the machines could be easily modified and used for other purposes, such as building a personal database of book and CD collections. As no licensing agreement was ever reached between Wired and its magazine subscribers. CueCat was powerless to intervene, and after company liquidation, the barcode readers soon became available In quantities over 500.000 for as little as US$0.30 each.” From this information we can infer that users realised that they could change things to utilise them in new ways, causing the maker to lose money. Hence, the most appropriate title for this paragraph would be buyer ingenuity may lead to bankruptcy.
5 Answer: i
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph E, last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, the author in the given paragraph mentions that “for illegal substances, this is already restricted on the basis of the product’s illegality, but the use of freebie marketing to promote legal goods such as tobacco, alcohol and pharmaceuticals is also outlawed because the short-term gain to a small number of commercial outlets is not deemed worth the social cost of widespread substance abuse.” Hence, we can imply that freebie marketing for illicit substances and illegal substances like cigarettes have been banned in order to prevent it from becoming a social problem. Therefore, no giveaways for addictive products is the appropriate title for this paragraph.
6 Answer: v
Question Type: Matching Heading
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 1
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, there’s a line that claims, “another practice that is prohibited under antitrust laws is a form of freebie marketing known as “tying”. This is when a seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the acquisition of a second good.” Here, we understand that the practice of tying, also known as dual marketing, is claimed to be illegal under antitrust rules. Therefore, a novel method of dual marketing ruled out is the appropriate title for this paragraph.
7 Answer: received wisdom
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, refer that, “Gillette’s approach was contrary to the received wisdom of his era. which held that a single, durable, high-quality, and relatively expensive consumer item with a high-profit margin was the best foundation for a business.” This line confirms that the new approach (tactic) of Gillette freebie marketing is against (contrary) to the received wisdom of his era.
8 Answer: consumables
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 1
Answer explanation: Paragraph D puts forward the information that “in other instances, consumers sometimes find that uses for a master product circumvent the need to purchase consumables.” It can be observed that some customers discover new applications (find ways of using it ) for the master product after purchasing it, perhaps reducing the number of consumable purchases.
9 Answer: licensing agreement
Question Type: Sentence Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, last line
Answer explanation: The answer is clearly mentioned in the said paragraph and line. In the passage, it is said that “as no licensing agreement was ever reached between Wired and its magazine subscribers. CueCat were powerless to intervene, and after company liquidation, the barcode readers soon became available In quantities over 500.000 for as little as US$0.30 each.” The author states that Wired did not enter into any licence agreements with its subscribers.
10 Answer: habit-forming
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 1
Answer explanation: In the reference paragraph, the author mentions that “not all forms of freebie marketing are legal. One notable example of this is the use of freebie marketing to “push” habit-forming goods in areas where there is otherwise no market.” Hence, freebie marketing is not permitted for illegal and legal habit-forming products.
11 Answer: social cost
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 2
Answer explanation: Few lines in the said paragraph discuss that “for illegal substances, this is already restricted on the basis of the product’s illegality, but the use of freebie marketing to promote legal goods such as tobacco, alcohol and pharmaceuticals is also outlawed because the short-term gain to a small number of commercial outlets is not deemed worth the social cost of widespread substance abuse.” The author states that the freebie type of promotion of goods such as tobacco, alcohol, and pharmaceuticals is not deemed (considered) worth the social cost.
12 Answer: conditional
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 2
Answer explanation: In the said paragraph, you can find out that “this is when a seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the acquisition of a second good. In these instances, the first good is typically important and highly desirable, while the .second is inferior and undesirable.” From this information, we can confirm that seller makes the sale of one good conditional on the purchase of another.
13 Answer: anti-competitive behaviour
Question Type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph F, 2nd last line
Answer explanation: If you read thoroughly, a line in the said paragraph discusses that “a music distributor who has the rights to an album that it is in high demand, for example, might only allow stores to purchase copies of this album if they also buy an unpopular stock that does not sell very easily. Because this typically relies on the manipulation of a natural monopoly on the part of the distributor, such practices are widely understood to constitute anti-competitive behaviour.” The selling of one good product conditional on the purchase of another product is known as ‘tying,’ and it is used to sell items that aren’t popular/good. And such practices are widely understood (generally considered) to constitute anti-competitive behaviour.
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