IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Example 6 : Hawaiian island chain in the centre of the Pacific Ocean – Map

It is shown that the chain began to form almost 80 million years ago on the solid dense rock bed and each island started to evolve after an eruption on the seafloor. A hot spot existed on the ocean bed, which let out the material which is known as the magma. Moreover, the hot spot remained static. Hence, magma spume was formed and this magma originated from as deep as 2,883 km below the ocean bed. Eruptions took place and a volcano was formed above the surface of the ocean.  

Later, the spume of magma has remained inactive as the Pacific tectonic plate moves in a north-west direction across it, at an annual speed of 7-9 centimetre. The other major islands in the Pacific ocean are Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Kahoolawe which are located from 0-100 kilometres away from each other.